Always Coughing
This chronic airway condition, often associated with eosinophils and triggered by allergens or exercise, is a common cause of chronic cough.
What is asthma?
This bacterial infection, often spread by inhalation of airborne droplets and known for forming caseating granulomas in the upper lobes, is a classic infectious cause of lung nodules.
What is tuberculosis?
The most widely used staging system for lung cancer is based on this triad of criteria.
What are tumor size/local invasion, nodal involvement, and presence of metastasis?
The prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma is most strongly influenced by this key clinical factor at the time of diagnosis.
What is the stage of the tumor (cancer stage)?
Lung adenocarcinomas typically arise from these epithelial cells lining the alveoli and small airways.
What are type II pneumocytes (or alveolar epithelial cells)?
This is the most common non-infectious cause of chronic cough in non-smokers.
What is postnasal drip (upper airway cough syndrome)?
Multiple small lung nodules with an upper lobe predominance and associated egg-shell calcification of hilar lymph nodes are characteristic of this occupational lung disease.
What is silicosis?
This is the most common type of lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers, and it typically arises in the peripheral lung fields.
What is adenocarcinoma?
For early-stage adenocarcinoma of the lung, this is the main curative treatment.
What is surgical resection?
This is the most common route of distant metastasis for lung cancers.
What is hematogenous (via the bloodstream)?
A common extra-pulmonary cause of chronic cough, often worse at night or after meals, due to acid irritating the airway.
What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
This common benign cause of a pulmonary nodule typically contains calcium and has a "popcorn" appearance on CT.
What is a hamartoma?
In the TNM staging system for lung cancer, a tumor greater than 7 cm or one that invades the chest wall or diaphragm is classified as this T stage.
What is T3?
This minimally invasive procedure is often used to obtain tissue from a peripheral lung nodule suspected to be adenocarcinoma.
What is CT-guided needle biopsy?
Lung cancers most commonly metastasize to these four sites: brain, bone, liver, and this organ.
What is the adrenal gland?
This class of antihypertensive drugs is notorious for causing chronic dry cough as a side effect in up to 20% of patients.
What are ACE inhibitors?
A solitary lung nodule accompanied by hyponatremia may suggest secretion of ADH by this type of lung cancer.
What is small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)?
These are the most commonly associated paraneoplastic syndromes associated with Small Cell Lung Cancer.
What are SIADH, ACTH, Lambert-Eaton Syndrome?
This radioactive gas, produced from the decay of uranium in soil and rock, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S. after smoking, and is particularly associated with adenocarcinoma in non-smokers.
What is radon?
This process involves tumor cell entry into blood or lymph vessels and is a critical step in the metastatic cascade.
What is intravasation?
This enzyme precursor is elevated in the blood of newborns with cystic fibrosis and is used as the initial screening test in many newborn screening programs.
What is immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)?
A well-circumscribed, solitary pulmonary nodule (coin lesion) with caseating granulomas on biopsy and exposure to birds suggests this fungal infection.
What is cryptococcosis?
This poorly differentiated subtype of non-small cell lung cancer is often a diagnosis of exclusion, typically presents as a peripheral mass, and may show features of neuroendocrine differentiation but lacks squamous or glandular markers.It is also associated with secretion of B-HcG.
What is large cell carcinoma?
This common complication in lung adenocarcinoma patients often causes dyspnea.
What is malignant pleural effusion?
This paraneoplastic syndrome, characterized by clubbing of the fingers and periostitis of long bones, is often associated with lung adenocarcinoma.
What is hypertrophic osteoarthropathy?