A Joint Effort
This type of ossification forms flat bones directly from mesenchyme
What is intramembranous ossification?
In this disease, osteoclast hyperactivity is followed by disorganized osteoblast deposition and it produces this.
What is Paget disease of bone, producing mosaic-pattern bone?
Most cases are due to a defect in this collagen type.
What is type I collagen?
Children’s fractures often heal faster due to this active layer.
What is the periosteum?
Fentanyl binds primarily to this G-protein coupled receptor subtype.
What is the μ-opioid receptor?
The transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation
What is Runx2?
In osteoporosis, this physiologic imbalance explains bone fragility.
What is increased osteoclast resorption relative to osteoblast formation?
This type of OI is perinatally lethal, often with multiple fractures before birth and extreme bone fragility.
What is Type II OI?
The slower healing in adults reflects reduced activity of these cells.
What are osteoblasts?
μ-opioid receptor activation causes opening of these ion channels, causing this.
What is potassium channels and hyperpolarization?
This process involves a cartilage model that is gradually replaced by bone.
What is endochondral ossification?
These are the physiologic complications of Rickets.
What is vitamin D deficiency, causing poor mineralization of osteoid and widened growth plates.
Bisphosphonates improve outcomes in OI by targeting this imbalance in bone physiology.
What is excessive osteoclast activity relative to osteoblast formation?
Children can remodel bone through continued activity of this ossification process.
What is endochondral ossification?
Fentanyl reduces neurotransmitter release by blocking flow of this ion in this direction.
What is the Influx of Calcium
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted by these cells.
What are osteoblasts and chondrocytes?
In hypophosphatemia, this is the physiologic complication of low phosphate.
What is impaired hydroxyapatite formation, leading to defective bone mineralization.
This is the order of OI types from mildest to most severe based on clinical presentation.
What is: Type I → Type IV → Type III → Type II?
Adults with fractures are at higher risk for this systemic complication.
What is a fat embolism?
Inhibition of neurotransmitter release via fentanyl reduces this key physiologic signal.
What is nociceptive pain transmission?
The earliest form of bone laid down before remodeling to lamellar bone.
What is woven bone?
This is how you would describe the bone in osteopetrosis due to this abnormal process.
What is dense and brittle due to the failure of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption?
This is the order showing how defective collagen in osteogenesis imperfecta leads to fractures.
What is: defective type I collagen → weak osteoid formation → brittle bone → recurrent fractures?
This type of fracture is unique to children because their bones can bend without completely breaking.
What is a greenstick fracture?
Fentanyl inhibits the release of these three neurotransmitters.
What are substance P, glutamate, and acetylcholine?