Iraq History
What Party was in power from 1968-2003?
The Ba'th Party
What regional conflict did ISIS primarily use to gain strength?
Options: Syrian Civil War, Gulf War, The Day of Rage, Arab Spring
Syrian Civil War
What is Sectarianism in the context of Iraq?
Sectarian violence in Iraq refers to the conflict that had developed in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq as a result of rising sectarian tensions between the different religious and ethnic groups of Iraq, most notably the conflict between extremist Shi'ite groups and extremist Sunni groups
What reading primarily faulted international actors for the weak Iraqi state?
Options: Yom, al-Marashi, Dodge et. al.
Yom
Who was President of Iraq from 1979-2003?
Saddam Hussein
What was Iraq’s counter-militant force against ISIS?
Options: Badr Brigade, PMU, U.S.-Iranian Task Force, al-Qaida
PMU
Which policy most directly contributed to Sunni marginalization after 2003?
The U.S. troop surge
De Ba’athification
The 2005 constitution
Oil nationalization
De Ba’athification
According to Dodge, what best explains the rise of sectarianism in Iraq after 2003?
Ancient religious divisions between Sunnis and Shi’as
The spread of Islamic ideology
State collapse and political mobilization of identity
Foreign influence
State collapse and political mobilization of identity
Why did Americans claim to invade Iraq in 2003?
Iraq's alleged development of weapons of mass destruction, purported link between Saddam Hussein's government and terrorist organizations, in particular al-Qaeda
What major city did ISIS take control of that sparked al-Maliki’s resignation?
Options: Tikrit, Tehran, Baghdad, Mosul
Mosul
According to Dodge, what role do “ethnic and religious entrepreneurs" play in sectarian conflict?
They eliminate sectarian divisions through policy
They Passively reflect existing social identities
They actively mobilize and politicize identity in times of insecurity
They are irrelevant to political outcomes
They actively mobilize and politicize identity in times of insecurity
Which Author argued - Iraq’s corrupt sectarian government and weak public service provision led to protest, and violent repression led to ISIS takeover.
Al Marashi
How is Iraq a hybrid regime?
Mix of both democratic institutions (elections, parliament) and authoritarian practices (coercion, exclusion, patronage)
What type of aid did the U.S. military provide Iraq against ISIS?
Options: Air + land, land, air, intelligence
Air
What is De-Ba'athification?
De-Ba'athification refers to a policy undertaken in Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority and subsequent Iraqi governments to remove the Iraqi Ba'ath Party's influence in the new Iraqi political system after the U.S.-led invasion in 2003.
According to Gelvin and Al-Marashi, what best distinguishes a protest from an uprising?
Protest aim to reform the system, uprisings to overthrow it
What was the Day of Rage?
February 2011; protest against the chronic lack of basic services, rising prices, mass unemployment and endemic corruption, and to demand greater civil and political rights; The security forces frequently responded with excessive force to forcibly disperse peaceful protesters; State kills 23 protesters, root causes ignored
What is a service ISIS provided in their territory as a quasi-state?
Electricity, food, gasoline, water
What was the Anbar Crisis?
"The protests were in response to the Maliki government’s order of the arrest of the bodyguards of an Iraqi Arab Sunni politician, Rafi al-Issawi, the former finance minister, in December 2012, on the back of a 2011 arrest warrant for Tariq al-Hashimi, the former Iraqi vice president. Maliki had accused both of having links to “terror- ist groups,” an inflammatory label for the insurgents" (Al-Marashi)
Which author argued:
Foreign occupation – by the British and the United States – created the weak Iraqi State.
Yom