Back to Basics
The purpose of this group is to assure, both in advance and by periodic review, that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research.
What is the IRB?
People with intellectual disabilities, economic/educational disadvantages, and children make up part of this specialized group.
What is vulnerable populations?
Published in 1976 by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioural Research, this document identifies three core principles for ethical human subjects research in the United States.
What is the Belmont Report?
Equal distribution of burdens and benefits.
What is Justice?
Originally conducted in the summer of 1971, this famous two-week incarceration simulation prevented some participants from withdrawing after study start.
What is the Standford Prison Experiment?
The agreement of someone not able to give legal consent to participate in a research activity.
What is assent?
An individual whose identifiable private information is used for research purposes.
Who is a Human Subject?
Part of a series of decisive trials following WWII, this document presents a set of ten points of 'permissible medical experiments' created by the court in U.S. vs. Brandt.
What is the Nuremberg Code?
Permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits
What is informed consent?
Criticized for the emotional stress and inflicted insight it caused participants, this shocking social psychology project investigated obedience to authority.
What is the Milgram experiment?
This 1981 document serves as the United States's rule of ethics regarding biomedical and behavioural research involving human subjects.
What is the Common Rule?
This category of research "subjects" includes cadavers, tissue, or data from people no longer living.
What is decedents?
This U.S. federal law plays a vital role in establishing a baseline of protection against genetic discrimination in the workplace and through one’s health insurance.
What is The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)?
The capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision.
What is autonomy?
During treatment, her tumor cells were cultured without her consent. Since her death, this woman’s immortalized cell lines have helped pioneer breakthroughs like the polio vaccine.
Who was Henrietta Lacks?
Information where the intended use of the research findings can be applied to populations or situations beyond that studied.
What is generalizable knowledge?
This IRB member is otherwise unaffiliated with the institution.
Who is a community member?
Published by the WMA in 1964, this international ethics document prioritizes informed consent and participant welfare.
What is the Declaration of Helsinki?
The moral obligation to act for the benefit of others, helping them to further their important and legitimate interests, often by preventing or removing possible harms and making efforts to secure their well-being.
What is beneficence?
In 1945, scientists from this famous Tennessee-based undertaking injected 18 people with plutonium to determine the detailed effect of radiation on human health.
What is the Manhattan Project?
Probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests.
What is minimal risk?
When it is determined that a potential research participant is cognitively impaired, federal regulations and state statute permit researchers to obtain consent from this person via surrogate consent.
Who is a legally authorized representative (LAR)?
Called "the most influential single paper ever written about experimentation involving human subjects," this 1966 bombshell document cited 22 published medical studies for various unethical practices.
What is the Beecher Paper (the Beecher Bombshell)?
This principle divides into two separate moral requirements: the requirement to acknowledge autonomy and the requirement to protect those with diminished autonomy.
What is respect for persons?
Sharing a name with the famous LA neighborhood, this prostate cancer study recruited unhoused participants with promises of free housing and medical care while failing to inform individuals of the risks involved in painful, untested collection procedures.
What is the Skid Row Cancer Study?