Etiology
RDS is.....
a significant problem for premature infants born at fewer than 28 weeks gestation
What leads to RDS?
Surfactant deficiency
Describes a chest radiograph osFRDS
LOW LUNG VOLUMES
AIRBRONCHOGRAMS
GROUND GLASS APPEARANCE
ALVEOLAR ATELECTASIS
What can improve RDS immediately?
Exogenous Surfactant
What are some acute complications of treatment of RDS?
-Interstitial emphysema
-Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Sepsis
When does surfactant start being produced?
around 20th week gestation
Clinical Signs of RDS
Cyanosis
Nasal Flaring
Grunting
Retractions
Tachypnea
Apnea
Decreased breath sounds
What Laboratory Test that can confirm RDS?
L/S Ratio Less than 2.0
What are the 2 Types of Surfactant, and which is better?
Natural and Synthetic. Natural is better
Other ways to manage outcomes
- Maintenance of normal body temperature
-Proper fluid management
-Circulation support
- Nutritional
What prevents RDS?
ANTENATAL CORTICOSTERIOD adminitstraion to mothers in preterm labor, making the lungs premature faster
What are some structural changes with RDS?
Barotrauma
Atelectasis
Lung injury
Other ways to manage RDS
- CPAP/NIV
-Mechanical Ventilation
- HFOV
- Radiant Warmers
What is surfactant made of?
alveolar type 2 cells, lipoprotein complex, 90% lipids, 10% protein
What are some pharmacological ways to manage RDS?
- Caffeine therapy
- Prophylactic indomethacin
-Nutritional support