Causes + RFs
Management
Iron Investigations
100
What are the three main types of anaemia? How are they classified? What type of anaemia is iron deficiency anaemia classified under?
Microcytic MCV <80fl, Normocytic MCV 80-100 fl, Macrocytic MCV> 100fl
Classified based on average volume of RBC,
Microcytic
100
The first-line treatment for iron deficiency anaemia
What is oral iron supplementation (ferrous sulfate)?
100
20 g/Dl -> Is this low or high iron? For which genders is this true
20 /Dl is high iron. This is true for both genders.
200
What are some risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia?
Demographic Factors:
Dietary Factors:
Medical Conditions:
Medications:
Socioeconomic Factors:
200
This vitamin enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based foods.
What is vitamin C?
200
What sort of Iron problem is this? Is it consistent with macrocytic or microcytic iron
Iron deficiency
300
What are the differences between iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin B12/ Folate deficiency anaemia? (Causes + symptoms)
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Caused by insufficient iron, which is essential for hemoglobin production. Common causes include poor dietary intake, chronic blood loss (e.g., from gastrointestinal bleeding or heavy menstruation), and malabsorption (e.g., celiac disease).
Other Anemias: Vitamin B12/Folate Deficiency Anemia: Caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate, affecting DNA synthesis in red blood cells (RBCs).
300
If a patient does not respond to oral iron therapy after 3 months, this IV alternative may be considered.
What is intravenous iron therapy?
300
= Haemachromatosis
(oppostie to iron deficiency)
400
Describe the pathophysiology of anaemia of chronic diseases
Chronic Inflammation and Cytokine Release:
Hepcidin Overproduction:
Reduced Erythropoietin (EPO) Production and Responsiveness:
Shortened Red Blood Cell Lifespan:
Impaired Iron Utilization:
400
This severe complication of intravenous iron therapy requires close monitoring during and after the infusion.
What is an allergic reaction (or anaphylaxis)?
400
What’s wrong with the cell in the centre of the screen? What causes it
Hyper-segmented neutrophils + Macocytic blood cells. Caused by macrocytic/Hyperchromic anaemia -> Vitamin B12/Folate deficiency