Fire Environment
What are the three components of the fire triangle?
Heat, fuel, and oxygen
What are the 5 communication responsibilities of all firefighters
1. Brief others as needed
2. Debrief your actions
3. Communicate hazards to others
4. Acknowledge messages
5. Ask if you don't know
What does LCES stand for?
Bonus points: what is the definition of a safety zone?
L= Lookouts
C=Communications
E=Escape route
S=Safety Zones
Definition: An area where a firefighter can survive without a fire shelter
Much water/ retardant can a SEAT hold
SEAT (Single Engine Airtanker) = 800-1799 Gallongs
When a log is rolling donw hill towards the crew what do you do
Point and yell Roller
What factors contribute to fire behavior?
Fuels, Weather, Topography
What are 3 contributions to fatigue of wildland fire fighters?
- Carbon Monoxide
- Dehydration
- Heat Stress
-Poor fitness level
Low amount of sleepWhen constructing a safety zone, how large should it be in consideration of the flame height
4 times the continuous maximum flame height.
What is an underslung line construction. How can we mitigate rollout
Fireline constructed below the fire or
- Use a cup trench
https://www.coloradofirecamp.com/suppression-tactics/fireline-construction.html
First step in risk management process
Identify hazards
Stable: Trapped smoke under an inversion
-- Expect lowering RH, wind shifts, and increasing flames, spread and spotting once broken
Unstable: Smoke rising high and dispersing
--Active spread, intense burning and significant fire growth
Describe leaders' intent in 3 words
1. Task = What is to be done?
2. Purpose = Why is it to be done?
3. End State = How should it look when done?
What are 4 types of structure triage
- Defensible: Prep and hold
-Defensible: Stand alone
- Non-defensible: Prep and leave
- Non-defensible: Rescue drive by
When working around heavy equipment how far away should you be in front of the equipment? Behind?
Bonus (100); How far away in timber?
100ft in front and 50ft behind
Bonus: 2.5 tree height
The most essential element of successful wildland firefighting is ______ and ______ leadership
Competent confident
Describe Foehn winds
Warming and drying winds are blowing from high elevations downslope
Name three distractions from a primary task that might drop one's situational awareness
- Radio traffic
-conflict
-previous errors
- Collateral duties
-IWI
What are three of the five common denominators of Fire Behavior and Tragedy Fires?
1. On relatively small fires or deceptively quiet areas of large fires.
2. In relatively light fuels, such as grass, herbaceous fuels, and light brush.
3. When there is an unexpected shift in wind direction or in wind speed.
4. When fire responds to topographic conditions and runs uphill.
5. During the critical burn period between 1400 and 1700.
What are the numbers on the clock for the pilots view from the cockpit
3-11
What does the Pink and Yellow/black flagging signify
Escape route = pink
Hazards = yellow and black
What is the maximum flame length a hand crew can effectively fight a fire
According to the IRPG, what are the four-discussion points used during an AAR?
- What was planned?
- What actually happened?
- Why did it happen?
-What can we do next time?
(Correct weakness/sustain strengths
What are the 5 big bucket items of the risk management process
- Identify hazards
-Assess hazards
-Develop controls and make risk decisions
-Implement controls
-Supervise and Evaluate
After recieving orders to construct line downhill what do you do?
have supervisor scout it out
Requirement for good lookout
Experience, good vantage point, know where crews are, know where safety zones are, know trigger points, map, weather kit