Diffusion + Osmosis
What type of membrane allows only certain molecules to pass through?
Semi-permeable
Name 2 effects of desertification
Food insecurity, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, worsening climate change, dust storms/air pollution, job loss + poverty.
What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
Nephron
During which phase does DNA replication occur?
Interphase
What is FSH and what does it stand for?
(Follicle Stimulating Hormone) It promotes maturation of sexual reproductive organs like eggs in the ovary and sperm in the testicles.
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Cell will shrink and water will leave the cell.
What type of organism breaks down dead matter in a food web?
Decomposers
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
If a cell with 10 chromosomes does mitosis, how many chromosomes will the new cells have?
10 chromosomes each (the same as the original)
What hormone regulates blood sugar?
Insulin
What process allows roots to absorb water from soil (Osmosis or Diffusion)?
Osmosis, water moves from an area of high water concentration (the soil) to an area of lower water concentration (the plant root cells) across a semi-permeable membrane.
What percentage of energy is typically passed to the next trophic level?
10%
What are the passageways that carry an egg cell from an ovary to the uterus?
Fallopian tubes
What is the end result of cytokinesis?
Two identical daughter cells
Which cells remember past infections to fight them faster next time?
Memory-B Cells
If a cell doubles it volume, does its surface area to volume ratio change? If so, how?
The surface area of a cell increases, but the volume increases at a faster rate, resulting in a lower SA:V ratio. (Ex. If a cell doubles in size, its volume increases by a factor of eight, while its surface area only increases by a factor of four.)
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
A food chain outlines who eats what. A food web is all of the food chains in an ecosystem.
There are four types of biomolecules: lipid, nucleic acid, protein, and carbohydrates. Which one is identified by a chain of Carbon and a primary composition of C, H, and O.
Carbohydrates
What is prophase?
The cell's chromosomes become visible, the nuclear membrane disappears, and the centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
What are the protein markers on the surfaces of cells and viruses that help the immune system identify it as foriegn?
Antigens
Strawberries are sprinkled with sugar, 10 minutes after they are covered with juice. If the concentration gradient is high to low, is the environment hyper- or hypo- tonic?
Water diffuses out of the strawberry as the sugar makes the environment hypertonic.
How do aquifers naturally recharge?
Through precipitation sinking into the ground or from rivers/lakes.
Describe how the RESPIRATORY system maintains homeostasis in the body.
Respiratory regulates gas exchange (breathes in O2 and breathes out CO2). Ex. Hyperventilating (panicked breathing) forces body to take in more O2.
Cancer is a group of diseases where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. Connect cancer and mitosis in a sentence.
Cancer cells divide uncontrollably through mitosis.
Name one internal and one external defense systems from infection.
Internal: Inflammation, platelets, fever
External: Skin, hair, nails, mucous