Liberalism
What were John Locke's three original rights outlined in the State of Nature?
Life, Liberty, and Property
What are the two ways that a boss can accumulate capital according to Marx?
What is the repressive hypothesis?
Belief that in Victorian society sexuality was repressed and the now we are sexually liberated!
What is Section230?
immunity to not moderate or moderate content for social media sites.
How does the Liberal concept of individual freedom compare to Foucault’s concept of individual freedom?
Liberals: individual freedom = the foundation of their theory; everything else was built on that.
Foucault: individual freedom exists within power relationships
According to John Stewart Mill's how do we get to the truth?
Through an engaged and honest debate that is constantly questioning transforming dead dogma into the living truth!
What is a commodity and how does it become a fetish?
Commodity is anything that can be exchanged or bought within the marketplace. A commodity becomes a fetish when the labor of production is obscured by the marketplace.
What are the two poles of biopower?
anatamopolitics and biopolitics
What is piecework?
Automation's last mile when machines can no longer do the specific task at hand it is offered to humans.
How does the Liberal concept of knowledge and truth compare to Foucault’s concept of knowledge and truth?
The liberal concept of truth is that there is a fixed answer that we work towards. Mill believed that all opinions must be heard, and we get closer to the truth through the clash of different ideas. In the liberal concept of truth, the truth exists outside of society and is not affected by social or power relations. In Foucault’s concept of truth, it is defined within power. Truth comes from the discourse of experts, which is all shaped by power relations.
What is the greatest threat to truth according to JSM?
Custom and the pressures to conform!
How does ideology work according to Marx?
Top-down repression of the working class / beliefs that keep the working class from organizing and overthrowing the bourgeois.
What is the difference between ars erotica and scientia sexualis?
Ars erotica viewed sexuality through the generation of pleasure as a secret that was passed down with power from the speaker / Sciencia sexualis was focused on the sexual acts and how they crafted identity or pathology with power from the listener (i.e. priest or doctor).
What is Workism?
middle-upper class work ethic that defines who you are as a person.
What role does the government play in society in Marxism vs Liberalism?
Liberalism: Generally speaking, the liberal framework prescribes limited government intervention in favor of individual liberties and free market decisions.
What were figures excluded in the original social contract of liberal states? Give one example from Locke's writings and another example from JSM.
indigenous people, enslaved people, women, people of color.
Locke: Constitution of the Carolinas preserved slavery
JSM: East India Trading Company, Civilizations of Nonage
What are the five stages of society in historical materialism?
primitive, ancient, feudal, capitalist, communist
experts, institutions, technologies, discourse, power
benefits for workers / less flexibility (imposing min hours etc.)
How does Marx view wages and their worth?
Marx’s view of wages is determined by the ability of workers to sell their labor power. Labor power itself becomes a commodity that can be sold to capitalists. The skill of labor and the scarcity of the labor power determines the worth.
What is the sexual contract and how does it relate to the public/private spheres?
Social contract only occurs within the public sphere, while the private sphere is governed by the marriage contract. Critiques of patriarchy as only within the marriage ignore the ways that the employee or prostitution contract similarly oppress women. Pateman rejects inclusion in the social contract.
Please draw a diagram with the following (means of production, labor power, forces of production, relations of production, mode of production)
Catholic confession of the church in transformed into the scientific confession. Also the idea of good/sinful transformed into the idea of the normal/pathological.
What is at least one alternative to banning political ads on social media? (it cannot be "NOT banning")
clear enforcement mechanisms for violations of targeting policies, limits on the categories political advertisers can target, facilitate counter-speech, donating all revenue from political advertising to nonprofits and researchers focused on election integrity (from NYT)
What is the difference between Marx and Foucault's conception of ideology?
According to Marx ideology is a top-down mechanism for the ruling class to consolidate power / Foucault would argue that it's much more diffuse and that people of all classes get entangled within discourse and also have the power to produce counter-discourses.