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When scholars write of an “Islamic flowering” during the age of the caliphate, to what are they referring?
a) The culmination of centuries of indigenous Arabian and Bedouin traditions.
b) Cross-cultural borrowing exclusively from the Chinese.
c) Muslims’ advances along the lines lay down by many classical Eurasian civilizations, while making significant contributions that were new.
d) The emergence and the growth of Sufi poetry.
c) Muslims’ advances along the lines lay down by many classical Eurasian civilizations, while making significant contributions that were new.