Faith & Foundations Name
This term is rejected by Muslims because it implies the worship of a human prophet rather than God (Allah).
What is "Muhammadism"?
This 630 CE event is portrayed as a sign of divine favor because the city was taken with very little bloodshed.
What is the conquest of Mecca?
Located in Baghdad, this institution served as a hub for translating Greek, Persian, and Indian works
What is the House of Wisdom?
This Spanish city was a center of medical contribution, including the work of the physician Al-Razi.
What is Córdoba?
Because the Islamic calendar is based on this, the month of Ramadan moves through different seasons over time.
What is the lunar cycle?
Islam views itself as a theological continuation of these two specific Abrahamic religions
What are Judaism and Christianity?
Ira Lapidus argued that earlier European scholars were wrong to claim Islam spread primarily this way
What is by force.
Islamic scholars didn't just preserve Greek math; they created this specific branch of mathematics used for commerce and engineering.
What is Algebra?
Abd al-Rahman III and al-Hakam II funded these projects in Al-Andalus
What are hospitals, public libraries, and translations
According to the documentary, Qur’anic passages regarding warfare must be understood through this specific lens.
What is historical context?
This is the age Muhammad was when he reportedly began receiving revelations from the Angel Gabriel
What is 40 age?
The victory of the Battle of Badr where the Muslim army defeated a much larger Meccan army was proved this
What was proof of God’s support.
Bertrand Russell critiqued the term "Dark Ages," arguing it ignores this
What is scientific achievements of non-European cultures.
This system was embraced by Islamic merchants but resisted by medieval Christian Europe.
What is the Hindu-Arabic numeral system?
The Qur’an prohibits "transgressing limits" and only permits this specific type of warfare.
What is defensive warfare?
This miraculous event connects Muhammad to earlier prophets in Jerusalem and includes his ascension to heaven.
What is the Night Journey?
This was the legal status given to "protected" non-Muslims, who paid a special tax in exchange for religious freedom.
What is dhimmi status?
Beyond just "preserving" knowledge, Islamic scholars are credited with these—new methods and original results in fields like optics.
What are creative advances?
This future Pope faced heavy resistance when he tried to introduce Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe
Who is Pope Sylvester II?
Jerusalem is significant to Muslims not just because of the Night Journey, but because of its connection to these people
Who are the previous prophets (like Moses and Jesus)?
To formally convert to Islam, a person must recite the Shahada in front of this many witnesses.
What is two?
Many people in conquered territories chose to convert voluntarily for these two types of incentives.
What are social and economic (or political) incentives?
The House of Wisdom was unique because it gathered scholars from these types of backgrounds to foster innovation.
What are diverse (or multi-religious/multi-cultural) backgrounds?
Physicians in Córdoba moved beyond translation to document these—such as how diseases are transmitted.
What are clinical observations?
Many Qur'anic verses about fighting were revealed during a time when early Muslims were facing this.
What is persecution (or military threat)?