This is a square building in Mecca believed by Muslims to be the house Abraham built for God and the focus of Muslim worship.
What is the Kabah?
100
The first four caliphs were known as this.
What is the Rightly Guided Caliphs?
100
This person was leader of the Umayyads and took control of the Islamic Empire in 661 A.D.
Who is Muawiya?
100
This pillar requires Muslims to pause in their daily routines 5 times per day
What is Salat (prayer)?
100
Al-Khwarizimi was primarily known for his achievements in this subject.
What is mathematics?
200
This type of government has many departments managed by officials who are appointed by the leader or his or her representatives.
What is a bureaucracy?
200
This man stepped forward after Muhammad's death to calm the Muslim community.
Who is Abu Bakr?
200
These people were tolerated by Umayyad Muslims, had full religious freedom, but had to pay jizya, an additional tax.
Who were Christians and Jews?
200
The pillar of Zakat (Charity) requires that Muslims give this percent of their annual earnings to charity.
What is 2.5%?
200
This is the title of Ibn Sina's most famous work.
What is "Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb" (or "The Canon of Medicine")?
300
This is the name for the civil and religious ruler of a Muslim state.
What is caliph?
300
This caliph named a council (or assembly) to choose the next caliph before his death.
Who is Umar?
300
Muawiya's government encouraged these people to stamp out dissent among the citizens of the empire.
Who were the emirs, governors of provinces?
300
The ritual Ramadan fast is traditionally broken each day with this food.
What are dates?
300
He was the first Islamic philosopher to separate philosophy and theology, and stated that reason was superior to revelation.
Who is Al-Farabi?
400
From the Arabic word for "party," one who believes that authority to rule passed from Muhammad to his descendants.
What is a Shiite?
400
This caliph was killed because of his tendency to appoint family members to positions of power. His death caused a great deal of division in the Muslim community.
Who is Uthman?
400
These changes occurred under Umayyad ruler Abd al Malik.
What is a common coinage system was created and Arabic was made the official language of the Empire?
400
In order to participate in the Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca), Muslims must not have any _______.
What are debts?
400
This person's analysis of social factors led to development of sociology as we know it today.
Who is Ibn Khaldun?
500
This branch of Islam believes that caliphs who were elected by the Muslim community have the right to rule.
What is Sunni?
500
These two men challenged one another for the right to rule. One was a relative of Muhammad, the other a relative of Uthman.
Who are Muawiya and Ali?
500
The Umayyad Empire fell for these two reasons.
What are: as conversions to Islam increased and expansion decreased, the Empire's income decreased; and the Umayyad reputation for being a "worldly kingdom" caused certain groups (Abbasids) to rebel?
500
To become a Muslim, one must repeat this phrase, sincerely and honestly, three times in the presence of another person.
What is "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger (or Prophet)"?
500
Al-Khayyam was known for his work in these three areas of study.
What are mathematics, astronomy, and literature (poetry)?