a political unit often made up of peoples or provinces ruled by a single supreme authority
What is an empire?
100
The city that was considered the center of the Islamic empire.
What is Baghdad?
100
The sect of Islam that Umayyads represented
What is Shiite?
100
This person united the Muslims in Spain in ~756 A.D.
Who is Abd al Rahman?
100
Al-Khwarizimi was primarily known for his achievements in this subject.
What is mathematics?
200
a prince, chieftain or governor, especially in the Middle East
Who is an Emir?
200
The Abbasid scholars translated foreign works, including those of these ancient cultures
Who are the Romans and Greeks?
200
Under Umayyad rule, non-Muslim people lived in this way. (2 - 3 parts)
What is Christians and Jews were tolerated by the Umayyad Muslims, had full religious freedom, and had to pay additional taxes?
200
This city became the new capital of the Islamic Empire in Spain.
What is Cordoba?
200
This city was a center of studying and scholars in the Abbasid empire.
What is Baghdad?
300
a type of organization structures; like a pyramid, with one person at the top and many at the bottom; workers at each level supervise those below them
What is bureaucracy?
300
The 3 fields of study the Abbasids made great advances in.
What are science, mathematics, law, and medicine.
300
Muawiya's government encouraged these people to stamp out dissent among the citizens of the empire.
Who were the emirs, governors of provinces?
300
Cordoba had this many libraries in the late 900s.
What is 70 libraries?
300
He was the first Islamic philosopher to separate philosophy and theology, and stated that reason was superior to revelation.
Who is Al-Farabi?
400
a group of persons forming a minority in disagreement with the larger group.
What is a faction?
400
Faction that broke away from the Abbasid Empire.
What is the Fatimids?
400
These changes occurred under Umayyad ruler Abd al Malik.
What is a common coinage system was created and Arabic was made the official language of the Empire?
400
The Islamic culture influenced Spain in these ways. (5 possible ways)
What is Muslims influenced the Spanish religion, architecture, fine arts, science, and learning?
400
This person's analysis of social factors led to development of sociology as we know it today.
Who is Ibn Khaldun?
500
the art of fine handwriting
What is calligraphy
500
The empire fell to this group in 1055
Who were the Seljuk Turks?
500
The Umayyad Empire fell for these two reasons.
What are: as conversions to Islam increased and expansion decreased, the Empire's income decreased; and the Umayyad reputation for being a "worldly kingdom" caused certain groups (Abbasids) to rebel?
500
These events led up to the final fall of the Islamic Empire in Spain. (3 events)
What is the city of Toledo was lost in battle, Christian forces continued to push Muslims to the south of Spain, and Ferdinand of Aragon's marriage to Isabella of Castile?
500
Al-Khayyam was known for his work in these three areas of study.
What are mathematics, astronomy, and literature (poetry)?