Major Groups
The group consisting of the "Rightly Guided" Caliphs
The Rashidun Caliphate
The powerful tribe in Mecca that opposed the Prophet Muhammad and the spread of Islam
The Quraysh
The city that Mehmet the Conqueror is famous for conquering
Constantinople
The religious conflict that Pope Urban II called for the start of in 1096
The First Crusade
The Gunpowder Empire famous for the use of sandstone in its architecture, as exemplified by the Red Fort
The Mughals
The sect of Islam that believes that Ali was the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad
Shia
The city, originally named Yathrib, that the Prophet and his followers migrated to in 622, and which became one of the holiest places in Islam
Medina
The Caliphate founded by Mu'awiya I in 661 CE
The Umayyads
The Prophet Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE
The Hijra
The empire founded by Babur in 1526
The Mughal Empire
The event in 632 CE that led to Abu Bakr's ascension to Caliph
The death of the Prophet Muhammad
The Gunpowder Empire famous for revitalizing Persian literature, arts, and architecture
The Safavids
The number of Pillars that make up the foundational duties of Islam
Five (You get ten points of extra credit for each Pillar that you can name/describe)
The primary city (located in the Levant) that the Crusaders and Muslim states fought for control over during the Crusades
Jerusalem
The Caliphate (named after the Prophet's uncle) that overthrew the Umayyads in 750 CE
The Abbasids
The Prophet Muhammad's first wife and the first person besides the Prophet to embrace Islam
Khadija
The Turco-Mongol leader famous for building pyramids out of human heads
Timur/Tamerlane
The battle (named after an animal) fought between the forces of Ali and Aisha during the First Fitnah
The Battle of the Camel
The discipline to which Ibn Sina (Avicenna) famously made major contributions
Medicine
The literal meaning of "Islam"
The two major bodies of water connected by the Strait of Bosporus
The Black Sea and the Mediterranean
The Nizari Ismaili sect that caused chaos with targeted killings and sabotage between 1095 and 1275 CE
The Order of Assassins
Name all four of the Rashidun Caliphs
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali
The "Magnificent" Ottoman leader who ruled the empire at its greatest extent
Suleiman I
Where the Prophet Muhammad received the first revelation from God
The Cave of Hira (I'll also accept "in a cave near Mecca")
The major Islamic city with round walls that contained the House of Wisdom
Baghdad
Name any TWO of the other monotheistic prophets besides Muhammad
Adam, Abraham, Ishmael, Moses, Jesus
The original capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, located in modern Syria
Damascus
Name ONE of the dynasties, empires, or groups that ruled in the Islamic World during the period of fragmentation/during the westwards spread of the Turks around 900-1100 CE
Seljuks, Fatimids, Buyids, Ghaznavids
Name any TWO of the major battles fought between the Muslims and the Quraysh in the early days of Islam
The Mongol leader and grandson of Ghengis Khan who sacked Baghdad in 1258
Hulegu
The battle where Yazid I massacred Husayn and his followers, driving the final wedge between Shias and Sunnis
The Battle of Karbala
The Islamic polymath known as the father or founder of Algebra
al-Khwarizmi
The group of scholars who interpreted the Quran administered the law in every major Islamic empire
The Ulama
The name for the general region where the Ottoman Empire was centrally based
Anatolia/Asia Minor