Geography
Geography is the study of.... and why is it important?
The WHY of WHERE
People who specialize in this field are called...
Archaeologists
Name the three components of covenants in Judaism.
God, the Torah, and the community of Israel.
Which empire conquered the northern nation of Israel?
Assyria
How do archaeologists know where to dig?
They look in places where ancient people liked to live: close to rivers and on good soil
The territory of Ancient Israel is named...
The Levant
Archaeology is the study of...
human history through the excavation and analysis of physical remains.
Why is the Exodus narrative so important to Judaism?
It is the founding story of Judaism.
Which Persian leader did the ancient Hebrew author of Isaiah write about?
Cyrus II
How do archaeologists know how old something is?
Carbon dating: they test how much carbon is left in something that was once alive.
Relativity dating: they record what layer of earth the object was found in
The people of Ancient Israel are known as...
Hebrews
Which archaeological theory about the origin of Israel developed in the 1990s (third)?
Farmers to Pastoralists: Israel was a group of farmers that became pastoralists, then returned to farming
In Judaism, are covenants between God and an individual or between God and the nation of Israel?
Between God and the nation of Israel
How did Rome affect Jewish history?
Rome eventually split up Israel and Judah, which contributed to their dispersion throughout the world (called “the diaspora.”)
What tools do archaeologists use?
Small shovels, brushes, and popsicle sticks
Which two kingdoms did Israel split into in 926 BCE?
Israel and Judah
Which archaeological theory about the origin of Israel developed in the 1920s (first)?
Gradual Migration Theory: ancient Israel slowly migrated from Egypt into the Levant
The story of Abraham also forms a foundation for other later world religions like...
Christianity and Islam
Who conquered Babylon in 539 BCE and allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem if they wanted to?
Cyrus the Great
Do all archaeologists agree on what discoveries mean?
No: Archaeologists often have different interpretations for the same evidence.
According to scholars who study the Hebrew Bible, when did Saul establish the kingdom of Israel?
1020 BCE
Which archaeological theory about the origin of Israel developed in the 1970s (second)?
Internal Development Theory: ancient Israelites were Canaanites who developed a new religion
Name at least 2 Jewish holidays...
Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Hanukkah, and the Passover.
What were some of the great powers that fought over the Levant during the Bronze Age?
Egypt, the Hittites, and Assyria.
What types of objects do archaeologists dig for?
Buildings and roads
Graves and skeletons
Trash