Fundamentals of Testing
What is quality?
a) Activities focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled
b) The degree to which a component or system satisfies the stated and implied needs of its various stakeholders
c) The degree to which a component or system protects information and data so that persons or other components or systems have the degree of access appropriate to their types and levels of authorization
d) The total costs incurred on quality activities and issues and often split into prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs and external failure costs
b) The degree to which a component or system satisfies the stated and implied needs of its various stakeholders
You are running a performance test with the objective of finding possible network bottlenecks in interfaces between components of a system. Which of the following statements describes this test?
a) A functional test during the integration test level
b) A non-functional test during the integration test level
c) A functional test during the component test level
d) A non-functional test during the component test level
b) A non-functional test during the integration test level
In a formal review, what is the role name for the participant who runs an inspection meeting?
a) Facilitator
b) Programmer
c) Author
d) Project manager
a) Facilitator
Prior to an iteration planning session, you are studying a user story and its acceptance criteria, deriving test conditions and associated test cases from the user story as a way of applying the principle of early QA and test. What test technique are you applying?
a) White-box
b) Black-box
c) Experience-based
d) Error guessing
b) Black-box
You are working as a tester on an online banking system. Availability is considered one of the top products (quality) risks for the system. You find a reproducible failure that results in customers losing their connections to the bank Web site when transferring funds between common types of accounts and being unable to reconnect for between three and five minutes.
Which of the following would be a good summary for a defect report for this failure, one that captures both the essence of the failure and its impact on stakeholders?
a) Web server logs show error 0x44AB27 when running test 07.005, which is not an expected error message in /tmp filesystem
b) Developers have introduced major availability defect which will seriously upset our customers
c) Performance is slow and reliability flaky under load
d) Typical funds-transfer transaction results in termination of customer session, with a delay in availability when attempting to reconnect
d) Typical funds-transfer transaction results in termination of customer session, with a delay in availability when attempting to reconnect
Which of the following is a typical test objective?
a) Preventing defects
b) Repairing defects
c) Comparing actual results to expected results
d) Analyzing the cause of failure
a) Preventing defects
Which of the following statements is true?
a) Impact analysis is useful for confirmation testing during maintenance testing
b) Confirmation testing is useful for regression testing during system design
c) Impact analysis is useful for regression testing during maintenance testing
d) Confirmation testing is useful for impact analysis during maintenance testing
c) Impact analysis is useful for regression testing during maintenance testing
You are reading a user story in the product backlog to prepare for a meeting with the product owner and a developer, noting potential defects as you go. Which of the following statements is true about this activity?
a) It is not a static test, because static testing involves execution of the test object
b) It is not a static test, because static testing is always performed using a tool
c) It is a static test, because any defects you find could be found cheaper during dynamic testing
d) It is a static test, because static testing does not involve execution of the test object
d) It is a static test, because static testing does not involve execution of the test object
Which of the following is a true statement about exploratory testing?
a) More experienced testers who have tested similar applications and technologies are likely to do better than less experienced testers at exploratory testing
b) Exploratory testing does not identify any additional tests beyond those that would result from formal test techniques
c) The time required to complete an exploratory testing session cannot be predicted in advance
d) Exploratory testing can involve the use of black-box techniques but not white-box techniques
a) More experienced testers who have tested similar applications and technologies are likely to do better than less experienced testers at exploratory testing
Which of the following is a common test metric often used to monitor BOTH test preparation and test execution?
a) Test case status
b) Defect find/fix rates
c) Test environment preparation
d) Estimated cost to find the next defect
a) Test case status
A phone ringing momentarily distracts a programmer, causing the programmer to improperly program the logic that checks the upper boundary of an input variable. Later, during system testing, a tester notices that this input field accepts invalid input values. The improperly coded logic for the upper boundary check is:
a) The root cause
b) The failure
c) The error
d) The defect
d) The defect
Consider the following types of defects that a test level might focus on:
1. Defects in separately testable modules or objects
2. Not focused on identifying defects
3. Defects in interfaces and interactions
4. Defects in the whole test object
Which of the following list correctly matches test levels from the Foundation syllabus with the defect focus options given above?
a) 1 = performance test; 2 = component test; 3 = system test; 4 = acceptance test
b) 1 = component test; 2 = acceptance test; 3 = system test; 4 = integration test
c) 1 = component test; 2 = acceptance test; 3 = integration test; 4 = system test
d) 1 = integration test; 2 = system test; 3 = component test; 4 = acceptance test
c) 1 = component test; 2 = acceptance test; 3 = integration test; 4 = system test
During a period of intensive project overtime, a system architecture document is sent to various project participants, announcing a previously-unplanned technical review to occur in one week. No adjustments are made to the participants’ list of assigned tasks. Based on this information alone, which of the following is a factor for review success that is MISSING?
a) Appropriate review type
b) Adequate time to prepare
c) Sufficient metrics to evaluate the author
d) Well-managed review meeting
b) Adequate time to prepare
You are testing a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts. You are running a test suite that involves evaluating each screen and each field on each screen against a general list of user interface best practices, derived from a popular book on the topic, that maximize attractiveness, ease-of-use, and accessibility for such apps. Which of the following options BEST categorizes the test technique you are using?
a) Specification-based
b) Exploratory
c) Checklist-based
d) Error guessing
c) Checklist-based
Which of the following metrics would be MOST useful to monitor during test execution?
a) Percentage of executed test cases
b) Average number of testers involved in the test execution
c) Coverage of requirements by source code
d) Percentage of test cases already created and reviewed
a) Percentage of executed test cases
A product owner says that your role as a tester on an Agile team is to catch all the bugs before the end of each iteration. Which of the following is a testing principle that could be used to respond to this (false) statement?
a) Defect clustering
b) Testing shows the presence of defects
c) Absence of error fallacy
d) Root cause analysis
b) Testing shows the presence of defects
Which of the following statements comparing component testing and system testing is TRUE?
a) Component testing verifies the functionality of software modules, program objects, and
classes that are separately testable, whereas system testing verifies interfaces between
components and interactions between different parts of the system
b) Test cases for component testing are usually derived from component specifications,
design specifications, or data models, whereas test cases for system testing are usually
derived from requirement specifications or use cases
c) Component testing only focuses on functional characteristics, whereas system testing
focuses on functional and non-functional characteristics
d) Component testing is the responsibility of the testers, whereas system testing typically is
the responsibility of the users of the system
b) Test cases for component testing are usually derived from component specifications, design specifications, or data models, whereas test cases for system testing are usually derived from requirement specifications or use cases
You are working as a tester on an Agile team and have participated in over two dozen user story refinement sessions with the product owner and the developers on the team at the start of each iteration. As the reviews have gotten more effective at detecting defects in user stories and the product owner more adept at correcting those defects, you and the team notice that the team’s velocity, as shown in your burndown charts, has started to increase. Which of the following is a benefit of static testing that MOST DIRECTLY applies to increased velocity?
a) Increasing total cost of quality
b) Reducing testing cost
c) Increasing development productivity
d) Reducing total cost of quality
c) Increasing development productivity
Consider a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts. A user story has just been added to the set of features that checks customers’ social media accounts and bank records to give personalized greetings on birthdays and other personal milestones. Which of the following test techniques could a PROGRAMMER use during a unit test of the code to ensure that coverage of situations when the greetings ARE supposed to occur and when the greetings ARE NOT supposed to occur?
a) Statement testing
b) Exploratory testing
c) State transition testing
d) Decision testing
d) Decision testing
During a project following Agile methods, you find a discrepancy between the developer’s interpretation of an acceptance criteria and the product owner’s interpretation, which you bring up during a user story refinement session. Which of the following is a benefit of test independence exemplified by this situation?
a) Recognizing different kinds of failures
b) Taking primary responsibility for quality
c) Removing a defect early
d) Challenging stakeholder assumptions
d) Challenging stakeholder assumptions
Match the following test work products (1-4) with the right description (A-D).
1. Test suite
2. Test case
3. Test script
4. Test charter
A. A set of test scripts to be executed in a specific test run
B. A set of instructions for the execution of a test
C. Contains expected results
D. Documentation of test activities in session-based exploratory testing
a) 1A, 2C, 3B, 4D
b) 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C
c) 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B
d) 1D, 2C, 3B, 4A
a) 1A, 2C, 3B, 4D
Which of the following should NOT be a trigger for maintenance testing?
a) Decision to test the maintainability of the software
b) Decision to test the system after migration to a new operating platform
c) Decision to test if archived data is possible to be retrieved
d) Decision to test after “hot fixes”
a) Decision to test the maintainability of the software
Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose when the review must follow a
formal process based on rules and checklists?
a) Informal Review
b) Technical Review
c) Inspection
d) Walkthrough
c) Inspection
For which of the following situations is exploratory testing suitable?
a) When time pressure requires speeding up the execution of tests already specified
b) When the system is developed incrementally, and no test charter is available
c) When testers are available who have enough knowledge of similar applications and
technologies
d) When an advanced knowledge of the system already exists, and evidence is to be provided
that it should be tested intensively
c) When testers are available who have enough knowledge of similar applications and technologies
Which of the following lists contains only typical exit criteria from testing?
a) Reliability measures, test coverage, schedule and status about fixing defect and remaining
risks
b) Reliability measures, test coverage, degree of tester’s independence and product
completeness
c) Reliability measures, test coverage, test cost, availability of test environment, time to
market and product completeness
d) Time to market, remaining defects, tester qualification, availability of testable use cases,
test coverage and test cost
a) Reliability measures, test coverage, schedule and status about fixing defect and remaining risks