ANATOMY
NEURO/
VASC
VASC
PULM/
CARDS
CARDS
BASIC
SCIENCES
SCIENCES
PHARM
100
Injury to this nerve during carotid endarterectomy abolishes the afferent limb of the cough reflex and results in loss of sensation of the larynx above the vocal cords, increasing the risk of silent aspiration.
What is the superior laryngeal nerve
100
When ranking intraoperative neurophysiologic and its effect of volatile anesthetics monitoring modalities from most to least sensitive are:
What are visual evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials, somatosensory evoked potentials, and brainstem evoked potentials?
100
This law explains why smaller alveoli have higher collapsing pressure and why surfactant is essential to reduce surface tension, stabilizing alveoli and preventing atelectasis.
What is the Law of Laplace?
100
During hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, this strategy adjusts the blood gas targets by adding CO₂ to maintain a pH of 7.40 at the patient’s current temperature.
what is pH-stat
100
In a myasthenia gravis patient already taking pyridostigmine, administration of this acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for neuromuscular reversal can precipitate muscarinic symptoms such as bradycardia, bronchospasm, and increased secretions, potentially causing a cholinergic crisis.
What is neostigmine?
200
In this airway classification, only the base of the uvula and soft palate are visible on maximal mouth opening with the tongue protruded, and it is associated with an increased likelihood of difficult laryngoscopy but poor positive predictive value when used alone.
What is Mallampati III
200
This major radiculomedullary artery, most often originating between these thoracic levels, supplies the lower two-thirds of the spinal cord and is a key consideration during thoracic aortic surgery to prevent spinal cord ischemia.
What is the artery of Adamkiewicz and T9–T12?
200
This feature on the bronchial lumen of a right-sided double lumen endotracheal tube provides an alternative pathway for ventilation to the right upper lobe when the main bronchial lumen is positioned distal to the right upper lobe bronchus.
What is Murphy eye?
200
When an endotracheal tube is advanced into a mainstem bronchus, the resulting unilateral ventilation and increased dead space can lead to this change in anesthetic uptake
What is slow induction?
200
This type of protamine reaction is characterized by thromboxane A2-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction leading to acute pulmonary hypertension, severe hypoxemia, and hypotension shortly after administration.
What is type III?
300
This block targets the superficial sensory branches of C2–C4 at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid using a fan technique, providing cutaneous anesthesia for the anterior neck and shoulder region while avoiding deep structures like the phrenic nerve
What is a superficial cervical plexus block?
300
Chronic anticonvulsant therapy (like phenytoin or carbamazepine) has this effect on hepatic metabolism of aminosteroid neuromuscular blockers
What is induces CYP3A4?
300
Within 24–48 hours after smoking cessation, COHb levels fall and PaO₂ rises, This physiologic change is described as a shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in this direction.
What is shift hemoglobin oxygenation curve to the right?
300
This formula estimates alveolar oxygen tension and is used to calculate the A–a gradient
What is PAO₂ = (Patm – PH₂O) FiO₂ – (PaCO₂/R)?
300
This postoperative complication is characterized by pain or dysesthesia in the buttocks or legs after spinal anesthesia, typically beginning within 24 hours and resolving within 1–7 days, and is more commonly associated with lidocaine.
What is transient neurologic symptoms?
400
Autonomic hyperreflexia is most likely to occur in spinal cord injury patients when the lesion is at this level or higher, due to loss of supraspinal sympathetic inhibition.
What is above T6
400
Most intravenous induction agents decrease cerebral metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow, but this drug is the exception because it increases both CMRO₂ and CBF, making it relatively contraindicated in patients with elevated intracranial pressure.
What is ketamine
400
This condition is characterized by equalization of diastolic pressures across all cardiac chambers
What is cardiac tamponade?
(LV, 122/26 mm Hg; RV, 55/29 mm Hg, PCWP: 25)
400
This type of intracardiac shunt causes a slower rise in alveolar anesthetic concentration
What is a right-to-left shunt?
400
This Type I hypersensitivity reaction is more common in patients with multiple prior surgeries or spina bifida
What is latex allergy?
500
Following thyroidectomy, this lesion produces an immobile vocal cord fixed in the paramedian position with absent EMG activity in the thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, preserved cricothyroid function, and increased risk of aspiration despite a near-normal speaking voice.
What is complete recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?
500
This branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory innervation to the temple region and is often targeted with local anesthetic for scalp blockade during awake craniotomy.
What is the auriculotemporal nerve?
500
During mediastinoscopy, the pulse oximeter should be placed on this hand
What is the right finger?
(compression of innominate artery)
500
This syndrome occurs during hip or knee arthroplasty and is characterized by acute hypoxia, hypotension, arrhythmias, or cardiac arrest, thought to result from embolization of marrow contents and vasoactive mediators joint insertion
What is bone cement implantation syndrome?
500
Although it is controversial and evidence is mixed, this neuraxial technique has been theorized to potentially trigger multiple sclerosis exacerbations due to local anesthetic neurotoxicity and altered conduction in demyelinated fibers.
What is spinal anesthesia?