Evolution of DNA
What is the structure of DNA?
a double helix
A strand of DNA has 35% cytosine. What percent of guanine is in the DNA strand?
35%
The backbones of the DNA ladder (exterior) are composed of what?
sugar and phosphate group
What determines the function and phenotype (physical trait) of an organism?
gene and protein function
Where does transcription occur? Explain the process of transcription.
In the nucleus, a segment of DNA is used to make a copy (or transcribed) into RNA (mRNA).
How many strands of DNA are there?
antiparallel
A strand of DNA has 35% cytosine. What percent of adenine is in the DNA strand?
15%
Where can DNA be found in eukaryotic organisms?
nucleus
Finish the following sentence:
Specific genes code for specific proteins that carry out..
specific functions in the body
What is the enzyme required for transcription?
RNA polymerase is an enzyme used in transcription to add RNA nucleotides to copy the DNA strand into a RNA strand.
What does a nucleotide consist of?
a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
Chargaff's Rule states that all nitrogenous bases in DNA must add up to?
100%
What is a gene?
a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
1. DNA is double stranded. RNA is single stranded.
2. DNA has T, RNA has U.
3. DNA replicates & stores genetic information. RNA is used for making proteins.
Transcribe the following DNA template into mRNA:
3'- ATC AGA CTC-5'
5'- UAG UCU GAG-3'
What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
A strand of DNA has 41% thymine. What percent of guanine is in the DNA strand?
9%
What are the long chains of monomers that make up DNA called?
nucleotides
State the pathway of gene expression?
DNA ---> RNA ---> Protein
Transcribe the following DNA template into mRNA:
3'- GTA TCG TAC -5'
5'- CAU AGC AUG -3'
Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Chargaff's Rule explains....
Complementary base-pairing (A-T, C-G)
Name 2 important properties of DNA?
Store genetic information & make copies of itself
What is The Central Dogma of Biology?
DNA provides specific instructions to RNA to make a specific protein.
DNA transcribes into mRNA which translates into proteins.
DNA --->RNA ---> Protein
Transcribe the following DNA template into mRNA:
3'- CAT TAT GAG -5'
5'- GUA AUA CUC -3'