Localization - The Eyes!
A patient with the inability to abduct their left eye due to a cranial nerve nucleus stroke is most likely to have a lesion in what portion of the brainstem?
What is the pons?
A patient presenting with left arm and leg weakness and upper motor neuron signs due to a medullary stroke is most likely to have a lesion in this region
What is the right medullary pyramid?
A patient with atrophy of the hypothenar eminence in the right hand is likely to have a lesion in this peripheral nerve
What is the ulnar nerve?
A patient with extinction to dual simultaneous stimulation on the left is likely to have a lesion in this lobe of the brain
What is the right parietal lobe?
A patient presenting with large-amplitude flinging movements of their left hand is most likely to have a lesion in this structure
What is the right subthalamic nucleus?
What is the temporal lobe?
A 48-year-old comatose man with intact pupillary and gag responses, and absent bilateral corneal reflexes is most likely to have a lesion in this portion of the brainstem
What is the pons?
A patient presenting with hip abductor and dorsiflexion weakness (foot drop) with normal reflexes is most likely to have a lesion of this lumbosacral nerve root
What is L5?
A patient presenting with a non-fluent aphasia but preserved repetition is most likely to have a lesion in this brain region?
What is the left ACA-MCA border zone, pre-frontal cortex, or frontal association cortex?
A patient presenting with absent sensation in the left face, arm, and leg with no other deficits is most likely to have a lesion here
What is the right thalamus
A 36-year-old man presenting with diplopia with an inability to adduct his left eye when looking to the right, but preserved ability to adduct the left eye when crossing his eyes is most likely to have a lesion here
What is the left medial longitudinal fasciculus
A patient presenting with a right lateral medullary syndrome has an inability sense pinprick on their face due to involvement of this brainstem nucleus
What is the right descending (spinal) nucleus of the trigeminal?
A patient who undergoes treatment with botulinum toxin has weakness in the injected muscle due to interference with this step in neuromuscular junction transmission
What is vesicular release?
The inability to recognize faces or objects within a category is most commonly secondary to bilateral lesions in this brain region
What is the temporal lobe?
A patient presenting with upper and lower facial weakness on the right, and an upper motor neuron pattern of weakness in the left arm and leg is most likely to have a lesion here
What is the right pons?
A 51-year-old man presenting with vision loss in the entire upper field of his right eye and normal vision in the left eye is most likely to have a lesion here
What is the right optic nerve?
A 76-year-old woman presenting with a new onset clicking sensation in her ear, and an observed palatal tremor on examination is likely to have a lesion causing disconnection between these three nuclei
What are the dentate, red, and inferior olivary nuclei?
Inclusion body myositis is most likely to involve weakness of this group of upper extremity muscles
What are the flexors in the forearm?
Alexia without agraphia is most commonly due to a stroke involving this blood vessel
What is the left posterior cerebral artery?
A patient presenting with transverse myelitis affecting the right side of the spinal cord at T10 is most likely to have loss of these sensory modalities in the right leg
What is vibration and proprioception (epicritic)?
A patient presenting with an inability to initiate upgaze is most likely to have a lesion involving this specific brain region
What is the pretectum?
Four-point extension decerebrate posturing is secondary to unchecked activity of these brainstem nuclei
What are the lateral vestibular nuclei?
What is the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?
Balint syndrome, secondary to bilateral parieto-occipital lesions is characterized by this clinical triad
What is optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and simultagnosia
A patient presenting with ptosis and miosis of the right eye secondary to a stroke most likely has a lesion in this brain region
What is the right medulla?