IV Solutions
This type of solution has higher osmotic pressure than blood and draws fluid out of cells
What is Hypertonic
What is sodium
A red streak along the vein indicates this complication
What is phlebitis
This vein is commonly used for IV insertion in the antecubital space
What is the median cubital vein
Must be completed before giving any blood product
What is type and cross-match
3 signs of fliud volume overload
Dysnpea, Tachycardia, increased BP (widening pulse pressure)
What is 0.9% Normal Saline
Electrolyte most associated with cardiac function
What is potassium
When IV fluid leaks into surrounding tissue
What is infiltration
Maximum time a peripheral IV should remain in place
What is 72-96 hours
Maximum time to infuse one unit of PRBCs
What is 4 hours
Signs of air embolism include this respiratory symptom
What is shortness of breath
D5W becomes this type of solution after glucose is metabolized.
What is hypotonic
What are peaked T waves
Speed shock occurs when this happens too quickly
What is a rapid infusion
Required angle for IV insertion
what is 15-30 degrees
Must check vital signs at these intervals during transfusion
What is within 30 minute prior to infusion, 15 minutes after start of blood products, and then varies depending on facility policy but must be done again at completion of blood transfusion.
Priorty action for suspected transfusion reaction
What is stop transfusion immediately
Solution type that matches body's osmotic pressure
What is isotonic
Your patient has been vomiting for 2 days. During your assessment, you note these three classic signs of fluid & electrolyte imbalance: poor skin turgor, dry mucuous membranes, and dark concentrated urine. Which primary electrolyte loss and fluid deficit should you report to the RN?
What is potassium loss and isotonic dehydration? Vomiting causes loss of stomach acid and potassium, while the physical assessment findings are classic signs of isotonic fluid depletion requiring prompt intervention and possible IV fluid replacement.
Most serious complication of IV therapy
What is sepsis
What is the affected side of a mastectomy
What fluid is utilized to prime blood product tubing.
2 signs of circulatory overload in elderly patient- lungs sounds and another sx
What is crackles and shortness of breath
As an LVN, you're reviewing orders and see Normal Saline ordered at 125 mL/hr, but your patient's morning lab shows Na+148 mEQ/L. D5W is also available. While the final decision requires RN assessment, what key information should you report to the RN regarding these two solutions.
What is reporting that NS will add more sodium load potentially worsening hypernatremia, while D5W become hypotonic after glucose metabolism and could help normalize sodium levels?
The RN reports your patient's morning labs show Magneisium of 1.2 mg/dL (critically low). Which two other electrolytes should you specifically monitor on the next lab draw and why?
What are potassium and calcium? Low magnesium often causes concurrent deficienciesin both postassium and calcium because magnesium is required for intracellular potassium maintenance and proper calicum function. This "triple whammy" pattern requires close monitoring.
An IV site that was fine 2 hours ago now shows blanching, skin that's cool to touch, and the patient reports numbness. This medication running is a non-vesicant. The site has 3 cm swelling. Using an infiltration scale you note this is a Grade 2 infiltration. List your immediate LVN actions in sequence. (6 steps)
1. Stop infusion. 2. Remove catheter. 3. Elevate extremity. 4. Apply warm compress. 5. Mark and Measure affected area 6. Notify RN and document.
Steps to prevent air embolism during IV insertion
What is prime tubing and purge air bubbles
What is febrile non-hemolytic
Patient with heart failure develops SOB during IV therapy. First action- includes two steps
What is stop the infusion and elevate head of bed