Hydration
The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste, what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?
30 mL
You are explaining intake and output to a new nurse. You teach the normal Glomerular Filtration Rate is____ ml/min.
125
Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body. The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis. Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?
Extracellular
A patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours. What is the result of this loss of stomach contents?
Metabolic alkalosis
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called _________.
Diffusion
Water is the largest component of the body. What percentage of an adult’s body weight consists of water?
50% to 60%
What is the method by which inhaled oxygen is moved into the intravascular compartment called?
Passive transport
A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient. The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid. What is the patient considered to be?
Hypernatremic
Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is this ratio?
1:20
Delivery of a HYPOTONIC solution into the body would cause the body’s cells to:
Enlarge
The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for the average adult?
2200 to 2700 mL
A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours. Because of the child’s inability to exhale effectively, the nurse will assess for the need for improving ventilation to prevent __________.:
Respiratory acidosis
The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes. What level will this help to increase?
Phosphorus
When a patient takes substances into the body, they first enter the extracellular compartment. What must the substances enter to carry out their function?
Intracellular compartment
The nurse is providing patient education. The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined. What do they combine to form?
Extracellular compartment
The patient is being admitted to the hospital and you will be receiving this admission. You review the ED record. In evaluating this patient, you know that COPD, pneumonia, respiratory failure and prolonged asthma can lead to:
Respiratory acidosis
The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium. Upon reviewing the menu choices by the patient, what food choices lead the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?
Apricots and legumes
What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?
Cardiac complications
A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of T 98.6°F (37°C), P 81, BP 130/86, R 32. What will result if this continues?
Respiratory alkalosis
What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?
Hydrostatic pressure
When administering intravenous (IV) fluids, the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult. When could dehydration become lethal?
If the patient loses 20% of body fluid
Any condition that impairs normal ventilation and prevents the respiratory system from eliminating the appropriate amount of carbon dioxide causes _____________.
Respiratory acidosis
The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of 12.2mg/dL. What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?
Renal calculi
Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal. What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?
Blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys
The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?
Osmosis