Immune System
These are the most common type of white blood cell. They travel from the blood stream to the tissue and form pus when they die.
What are neutrophils?
Immune cells originate in these organs in the body
What are primary lymphoid organs?
(Bone marrow, thymus)
During this process, a virus enters a cell, has its genome replicated, and then self-assembles and leaves the cell.
What is the viral replication process?
This determines the function of a protein and can be denatured by heat.
What are the four levels of protein shape?
This idea, popular from Greco-Roman times to the mid 1600s, proposed that the balance of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile in the human body was responsible for illness.
What is Humoral Theory (The Four Humors)?
These are molecules and patterns common to pathogens but foreign to animals. They are used in innate recognition to recognize foreign invaders.
What are PAMPS?
Infection and vaccination are an example of this, while maternal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies are an example of this.
what is active immunity?
what is passive immunity?
These are the four options for the viral genome.
ssDNA, ssRNA, dsDNA, and dsRNA
DNA is transcribed to mRNA. mRNA is translated into proteins.
What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
This Ancient Greek philosopher is known as the Father of Medicine. He developed popular ideas such as clinical observation and categorization of disease.
Who is Hippocrates.
This category of cells, composed of Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, & B-Cells inform the T-Helper Cells about specific threat by presenting part of the antigen.
What are Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)?
These cells are the first line of defense in an innate immune response. They release histamine and call other immune cells with cytokines.
What are mast cells?
This number shows how contagious a virus is based on the number of people it can spread to from one host.
What is R0 (R naught)?
These are the 5 nitrogenous bases.
What are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil?
This historical event involved worldwide travel, leading to the spread of people and goods as well as smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, and the plague.
What is the columbian exchange?
These lymphocytes identify and destroy body cells that have been infected by viruses. They can destroy tumor cells when affected cells change cell surface expression.
What are Natural Killer (NK) cells?
These are the two granular phagocytes in our innate immune response. They are both involved in the allergic response.
What are Eosinophils and Basophils?
These are the two key components of a virus's composition for ALL viruses.
What are nucleic acids and protein coats?
These are the 4 living and 2 non-living types of pathogens
What are parasites, protozoa, fungi, prokaryotes, viruses, and prions?
These tradesmen performed surgeries, blood-letting procedures, and amputations. Their profession merged with physicians' in the early 1900s.
What are Barber-Surgeons?
This is the first line of defense in immunity while this is the second.
What is the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system?
This is the process by which antigen-specific antibodies are produced, it is primarily driven by B cells.
What is humoral immunity?
Animal viruses are constructed of just a capsid and DNA, while these have a more complex structure. These bacteria viruses are made up of a head that contains DNA, a neck, tail sheath, an end plate, pins, and tail fibers.
What are bacteriophages?
What are the structural differences between an Amino acid and a nucleotide?
A nucleotide is made up of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. An amino acid is made up of an amino group, a carboxyl group, an alpha carbon, and an r-group.
This 20th century scientist crystallized the tobacco mosiac virus to determine that viruses are NOT small bacteria.
Who is Wendell Stanley?