Politics & Elections
Who won the presidential election of 1828?
What nickname did Andrew Jackson earn that showed he was popular with many Americans?
What large national institution (think federal run) did Andrew Jackson oppose that he thought favored the wealthy?
The Second Bank of the United States (national bank).
What is "nullification" in simple terms?
Nullification is the idea that a state can reject (refuse) to follow a federal law it believes is unconstitutional.
What 1830 law allowed the federal government to negotiate land trades with Native Americans and led to their removal from lands east of the Mississippi?
The Indian Removal Act (1830).
Name the two main candidates & their parties in the election of 1828.
Andrew Jackson-Democrat Republican
John Quincy Adams-National Republican
Before becoming president, Andrew Jackson was known for being a general in which war or battle?
War of 1812; specifically the Battle of New Orleans
What was Jackson's main action toward the national bank during his presidency?
He vetoed the recharter of the national bank and removed federal deposits.
Which state led the Nullification Crisis by saying it could ignore a federal tariff it disliked?
South Carolina
What is the name of the 1835 treaty that led to the removal of the Cherokee from Georgia, despite controversy over whether the Cherokee leaders agreed?
Treaty of Echota
What political party grew stronger and supported Jackson in 1828 (the party associated with ordinary citizens and expanded democracy)?
Democratic Republican---becomes the Democratic Party
Which group of people did Jackson appeal to as part of his image as a leader for the "common man"?
White frontier settlers, small farmers, and working-class white men.
What nickname was given to the campaign against the national bank during Jackson's presidency? Remember this was Jackson against the bank and is referred to as...
The "Bank War."
Who was the South Carolina politician who argued that states could nullify federal laws?
John C. Calhoun.
Which Supreme Court case ruled that the state of Georgia could not enforce its laws on Cherokee land, supporting Cherokee sovereignty?
Georgia v. Worchester
What was one reason many people supported Andrew Jackson in the 1828 election?
He was seen as a war hero and a represented the common man
What presidential power did Jackson use to remove people from government jobs and replace them with his supporters?
The spoils system (patronage).
What major economic crisis happened shortly after Jackson left office, in 1837?
The Panic of 1837.
How did President Jackson respond to South Carolina’s nullification claim—did he support it or oppose it?
He opposed nullification and threatened to use federal force (the Force Bill) to enforce federal law.
What was the outcome when Georgia ignored the Supreme Court decision in Worcester v. Georgia?
Georgia largely ignored the decision and continued to remove Cherokee; the federal government did not enforce the Court's ruling effectively.
Explain what a "mud-slinging" campaign is and give one example of how the 1828 election used it.
Mud-slinging is using personal attacks and insults in a campaign; 1828 featured accusations about Jackson’s ability to read and write and Adams’s alleged corruption.
Describe one way Andrew Jackson changed how the presidency worked or how the federal government was run.
Examples: used the veto more often than earlier presidents (veto of the national bank renewal bill), increased the power of the presidency in policy battles, the spoils system, and two-party races
Explain one cause historians link to the Panic of 1837 that connects to Jackson's policies.
Causes linked include Jackson’s removal of federal deposits from the national bank into state banks (pet banks), speculation in land, Species Circula (hard & soft money) and international economic problems.
Describe one result or compromise that helped resolve the Nullification Crisis.
A compromise tariff (by Henry Clay) lowered rates over time and helped calm the crisis; Congress also passed the Force Bill, giving the president power to enforce laws.
Name one of the "Five Civilized Tribes" and briefly explain why they were called "civilized" by European-Americans of the time.
Examples: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole. They were labeled "civilized" by European-Americans because they had adopted some European-American customs, like farms, written laws, schools, or Christianity (term used by settlers—teachers should discuss why that label is problematic).