Circuits
What are the components of a circuit?
A power source, a conductive path (like wires), and a load
A wave is a disturbance that travels through a medium or space, transferring energy without transferring matter.
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is a scalar quantity that describes how fast something is moving, while velocity is a vector quantity that describes both how fast something is moving and in what direction. Velocity is essentially speed with a direction specified.
What are the three most common states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What is energy?
Energy is the capacity to do work or the ability to cause change
What is the purpose of a switch in a circuit?
To control the flow of electrical current by making or breaking the circuit.
What is a longitudinal wave?
A type of wave where the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction the wave travels
What are unbalanced forces?
Unbalanced forces are forces that result in a net force on an object that can cause changes in motion. Forces are unbalanced when the net force is not exactly zero.
What is a phase change?
A phase change is the transition of a substance from one state of matter to another, like melting (solid to liquid) or boiling (liquid to gas).
What are some different forms of energy?
Mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, light, sound
What is the difference between a series and a parallel circuit?
A series circuit has components connected end-to-end, creating a single path for current flow, while a parallel circuit has components connected across the same two points, creating multiple paths for current
What is a transverse wave?
A wave where the movement of the medium is perpendicular (at a right angle) to the direction the wave is traveling
What is inertia?
Inertia is the property of an object that resists changes in its motion. Objects with more mass have more inertia. The greater an object's inertia, the greater the force needed to change its motion.
Which best describes why a liquid needs a container when a solid does not?
Solids have definite shapes, and liquids fill their containers.
What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
Potential energy is stored energy, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion
What is electricity?
Is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge
What is amplitude?
The maximum displacement or distance from the resting position that a wave or vibrating object reaches during a complete cycle.
What is Newton's First Law?
Newton's First Law says that an object at rest will stay at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same velocity unless acted on by an unbalanced force (a net force). When the net force is zero, objects at rest stay at rest, and objects in motion keep moving with the same speed and direction.
What particles exist within plasma that do not exist in other states?
Free Electrons
How can energy be transferred or transformed?
Energy can be moved from one location to another (transfer) or change from one form to another (transformation)
What is a direct-current circuit?
A direct-current circuit carries current in only one direction. A direct current circuit is an electrical circuit that consists of any combination of constant voltage sources, constant current sources, and resistors
What is a mechanical wave?
A wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a material medium
What is Newton's Second Law?
Newton's Second Law tell us that acceleration is force divided by mass (a = f/m).
What particles make up a plasma of hydrogen?
H+ and e-
What is the law of conservation of energy?
This law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed