Rhinosinusitis
First line antibiotics for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (list 2)
What are amoxicillin-clavulanate and amoxicillin?
3 STIs to consider for symptomatic urethritis in males
What are Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas, Ureaplasma urealyticum?
A reason for appearing jaundiced but no elevated bilirubin
What is spray-tanning, carotenemia, Addison disease, or anorexia nervosa?
What is TRUE?
List 3 symptoms of retinal detachment
What are flashes, floaters, falling curtain?
Indications for antibiotics for rhinosinusitis
Next step if 3+ RBC on a urine dipstick
What is send for microscopic urinalysis?
Next step if etiology of jaundice is unclear despite laboratory testing and imaging
What is liver biopsy?
List at least 1 feeding modifications for infants with GERD AND
List 2 conservative measures for GERD in children
What are:
Infant GERD:
1. Add thickening agents to formula
2. Reduce feeding volumes while increasing feeding frequency
3. Switch to extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formula
2. Children GERD
1. Weight control for children with obesity
2. Last meal should occur 2-3 hours before sleep
3. Modified sleeping positions, including head elevation and lateral decubitus positioning
List 3 differential diagnoses for painful vision loss >24 hrs with headache and orbital pain
What are migraine with aura, acute angle-closure glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, optic neuritis, giant cell arteritis?
The duration of acute rhinosinusitis according to IDSA
What is up to 4 weeks?
(Typically resolve within 7-10 days)
T/F: All UTIs in males are considered complicated.
What is true?
If an adult patient has unconjugated hyperbiliurinbemia, the 3 labs to order to determine if hemolysis is present
What are peripheral blood smear, direct antibody test, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme testing?
GERD triggers in maternal diet for breastfeeding infants
What are dairy, wheat, soy and eggs?
What diagnosis has a fundoscopic exam with a pale retina except for a prominent red spot at the center of the macula?
What is retinal artery occlusion?
Consider this antibiotic and dose if patient has risk factors for hospitalization
What is high dose amoxicillin-clavulanate? Adults: 1000-625mg tablet, 2 extended release tablets, 2x/day
Children 2 or younger: 90mg/kg per day, divided every 12 hrs
Risk factors: younger than 2 yo, older than 65, attending daycare, recent hospitalization, immunocompromised, received antibiotic treatment in past month, signs of systemic toxicity, multiple comorbidities
4 common dietary bladder irritants
What are citrus fruits, tomato, onion, beans, nuts, yogurt, spicy food, vinegar, chocolate, caffeinated carbonated beverages?
7 causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Intrahepatic-alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, PBC, cirrhosis, Dubin-Johnson, Rotor, Wilson, hemochromatosis, HCC, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, IHCP, sepsis, TPN, viral hepatitis, steatohepatitis
Extrahepatic cholestasis-cholangiocarcinoma, biliary atresia, chronic pancreatitis, parasitic infections, trauma, PSC
DILI-allopurinol, amiodarone, anesthetic agents, Augmentin, fluoroquinolones, isoniazid, macrolides, Bactrim, macrobid, antiepileptics (lamotrigine, carbamazepine), acetaminophen, TNFalpha, methotrexate, PPI, statins, supplements
Indications for referral to Pediatric GI for infant GERD
When is nonpharmacological therapy maximized and cannot wean after trial of acid suppression for 4-8 weeks? (or symptoms do not improve with medication)
T/F: In patients with suspected giant cell arteritis, obtain temporal artery biopsy before initiating empiric steroids
What is False?
List 2 antibiotic choices for children with beta-lactam allergies for rhinosinusitis
What is levofloxacin or clindamycin plus cefixime or cefpodoxime (third generation cephalosporin)?
Definition of recurrent UTI in female
What are 2 UTIs in 6 months or 3 UTIs in 12 months?
5 causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
What are Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, drug induced, hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell, thalassemia), hereditary disorders (Crigler-Najjar, Gilbert), Impaired bilirubin uptake by liver (CHF, cirrhosis), G6PD, elliptocytosis, spherocytosis?
List 2 adverse side effect of PPI for children
1. H2 blocker: What is increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birthweight infants?
2. PPI: What are risks of respiratory infection, GI infection and asthma?
List 3 causes of transient vision loss in both eyes
What are TIA, migraine, syncope, seizure, idiopathic intracranial hypertension?