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2 branches of geography
-human and physical
What is a place?
Place is used to describe a location that has meaning. It is a location on the Earth's surface that has a distinct identity, such as a city, town, or other human settlements. A place can also refer to where a physical feature is situated. A place is a defined point in space
Time
Time is measured during which an action, process, or condition exists or continues to exist.
Regionalization
-To regionalize is to classify on the basis of one or more variables or similarity
Human Geography
-Human geography is the study of people in relation to the spaces they inhabit
-patterns and processes of human activity
-"social science"
- provide examples for each:
-- demographic change
-- economic activity
-- political interactions
-- cultural practices
Geography
-Literal translation: "writing about the world"
-Broad subject area: ranging from weather/climate, earth systems, population, economic activity and cultural practice.
-"geography is the study of the surface of Earth and the people who live there—and all that encompasses"
What is a space?
-Space describes a two-dimensional location on a map. Space is a voluminous void; it becomes a place when something is defined within it. That thing could be a mountain range, a river, or a tree.
Duration
-A non-spatial continuum that is measured in terms of events which succeed one another from past through present to future.
Types of Regions (x3) - Human Geo
1. Formal/uniform regional:
2. Functional (nodal) Region:
3. Vernacular (perceptual) Region:
The three W's as an approach to geography
-What is where? -describing a spatial pattern
-Why there? -understand/explain observed pattern
-Why care? -making sense/interpreting significance
Doreen Massey (1944-2016)
-Marxist and feminist theory -> place and space
-Massey’s research focused on globalization, industrial development, regional inequality and how the experience of space can impact ideologies and politics and shape the communities in which we live.
Physical Geography
-the field of earth science
-examples?
-"natural science"
Spatial Analysis
-3rd theme of human geography
-how things vary across space
3 themes of human geography
#1 Humans & Land
#2 Regionalization
#3 Spatial Analysis
Time-space compression (Doreen Massey)
Refers to the processes by which places that are far apart start to appear closer e.g. emails. tech
1.space
2.locations
3.places
4.regions
5. Distance
1.spatial discipline
2.Where geographic phenomena occur
3.locations with individual or collective meaning
4.areas with broadly similar characteristics
5. the interval, or amount of space, between locations
Distance decay
The negative effect of increasing distance on the level of interaction
-A characteristic of objective relations among processes or among observable levels of organization produced by processes.
•Scale refers to the size of an area relative to the size of the Earth.
•Scale is typically expressed as a ratio or a fraction, such as 1:1,000,000 or 1/1,000,000.
Doreen Massey's 5 main points
1.Space as a Social Construct: Massey emphasized that space is not a neutral or static entity but is socially constructed. It is shaped by human activities, interactions, and power relations. In her view, space is not just a container for objects and events but is produced and transformed by social, political, and economic processes.
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2.Space as a Product of Interactions: She argued that space is a product of the interactions between people and places. It is not something pre-existing but is continually evolving as a result of these interactions. This perspective challenges the idea that space is fixed or predetermined.
3.Multiplicity of Spaces: Massey rejected the notion of a singular, homogeneous space. Instead, she emphasized the multiplicity of spaces, where different social, cultural, and economic forces create diverse and interconnected spaces. These spaces are constantly in flux and overlap.
4.Power and Space: Massey highlighted the role of power in shaping space. She argued that spatial relations are deeply intertwined with issues of power and inequality. The control and distribution of space can reflect and perpetuate social hierarchies.
5.Globalization and Space: Massey's work also explored the impact of globalization on space. She discussed how contemporary processes of globalization have accelerated the interconnectedness of places and have blurred traditional boundaries, challenging conventional notions of space.
Distribution
The spatial arrangement of geographic phenomena
-examples?
Diffusion
The growth and spread of geographic phenomena through space and time
-examples?