Shoulder Joint
Which of the following is not a true joint but rather an "articulation"?
a. Scapulothoracic
b. Glenohumeral
c. Acromioclavicular
d. Sternoclavicular
a. Scapulothoracic
(no bony articulating surfaces, just muscular)
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff?
a. Supraspinatus
b. Infraspinatus
c. Teres Major
D. Teres Minor
E. Subscapularis
C. Teres Major
Name a PNF stretch that begins with the client in sidelying position.
or
Rhomboids & middle trapezius
Client Position: supine, arms abducted 90 degrees then relaxed into table
Pectoralis major (superior fibres) length test
Pectoralis major self-stretch (gravity-assisted)
What are the three potential pinch points of the brachial plexus (neurovascular bundle) between the nerve root and the axilla?
1. between anterior & middle scalene
2. between clavicle & first rib
3. under pectoralis minor
Which of the following is NOT a bony landmark used for goniometry of the shoulder?
a. Sternum
b. Shaft of the humerus
c. Styloid process of the radius
d. Acromion process
e. Olecranon process
c. Styloid process of the radius (it's actually styloid of the ULNA)
What is the "empty can" test assessing for?
Supraspinatus tendinitis, strain, or weakness
To PNF stretch a client's infraspinatus, have them begin in _____ position with shoulder in full ______ rotation.
Prone, Internal (medial) rotation
Client position: Seated with straight legs forward, target leg's knee flexed to midrange, grasping their distal metatarsals & passively dorsiflexing their ankle
Soleus self-stretch
Eden's test is assessing for compression of the neurovascular bundle due to what structure(s)?
Between the clavicle and first rib
This special test assesses for biceps tendinitis.
Speed's test OR Yergason's test
Which of the following special tests is NOT specifically assessing the supraspinatus muscle?
a. Drop arm test
b. Empty can test
c. Hawkins-Kennedy test
d. Wright's hyperabduction test
e. Neer impingement test
Lateral malleolus and Fibular head
Client position: supine, shoulder adducted cross-body & lifted off table, hand gripping examiner's upper arm
Name two outcomes, either one of which would indicate a positive sign of a thoracic outlet syndrome test.
A diminished radial pulse, or
client reports recurrence of symptoms such as pain, tingling, or weakness of the affected arm
Name any THREE muscles that adduct the shoulder.
Latissimus dorsi, teres major,
infraspinatus, teres minor
pectoralis major
triceps brachii (long head), coracobrachialis
If the client has done way too many lateral shoulder raises (weighted abduction), they may develop a muscle overuse. Which test is most likely to be positive?
a. Adson's
b. Eden's
c. Neer
d. Yergason's
c. Neer (supraspinatus overuse)
Upper traps: head rotated away from testing side
Lev scap: head rotated toward testing side
(Both are laterally flexed toward + slightly extended)
Client position: seated, arm extended & slightly externally rotated, head rotated away from affected side, holding a deep breath
Travell's variation of Adson's test
Explain/demonstrate an exercise for strengthening a weak infraspinatus muscle.
Sidelying external rotation curls, external rotation with resistance band (isotonic) or into a wall (isometric), etc.
Name the ligament that crosses the intertubercular groove and "straps down" the biceps tendon.
The transverse humeral ligament
It can be assessed with Yergason's test
Which rotator cuff muscle is difficult to access due to being "sandwiched" between the scapula and the thoracic cage?
Subscapularis
You wish to PNF stretch the piriformis. It can be performed prone or supine.
If supine, the knee points out and the foot crosses the midline, but in prone, the knee points in and the foots turn away from the midline. Both are effective stretches. Why?
When prone, the hips are in neutral. Turning the foot out which the hip is adducted creates internal rotation of the head of the femur, which lengthens piriformis.
When supine, the hip is flexed past 90 degrees. When the hip is horizontally adducted from this position, this also internally rotates the head of the femur and thus stretches piriformis.
Client position: prone, shoulders abducted 90 degrees, elbows flexed, neck extended & rotated towards testing side
Postolateral neck extensors strength test
The prone client is first instructed to make a "T" with their arms and fully retract their scapulae bilaterally. What test is about to be performed?
Vizniak Manual Muscle Test (MMT) for rhomboids