Stupidness
Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers led by Douglas MacArthur that governed Japan after WWII
Yoshida Shigeru
Yoshida Shigeru was Japan’s prime minister (late 40s-50s). He promoted economic recovery while relying on US military protection known as the Yoshida Doctrine
Rape of Nanjing
the mass killing and atrocities committed by Japanese toops after capturing Nanjing in 1937 during the Second Sino Japanese War, hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and POWs were killed
Accommodationism (Pyle)
describing Japan’s post 1945 strategy of aligning with US power and adapting to international pressures to ensure security and economic growth
Hara Kei
prime minister (1918-1921) was the first commoner to hold the office and promoted party based parliamentary government
The Reverse Course
a shift is US occupation policy from punishing and reforming Japan to rebuilding it as a stable anti communist ally during the Cold War
Control Faction (Toseiha)
a moderate faction within the Japanese Army in the 1930s advocating bureaucratic control and gradual military expansion rather than radical coups
Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere-
Japan’s wartime concept of an Asian bloc free from Western imperialism but dominated politically and economically by Japan
The Washington Conference-
An international naval arms limitation meeting in Washington DC resulting in treaties limiting battleship construction and affirming respect for China’s sovereignty
Konoe Fumimaro
served as prime minister during the late 1930s and early WWII period he oversaw escalation of war in China and alignment with Axis powers
Manchukuo
a Japanese puppet state established in 1932 in Manchuria after the Mukden Incident. Nominally ruled by Puyi, it was controlled by Japan’s military
Imperial Way (Kodoha)
a radical army faction in the 1930s promoting direct imperial rule, spiritual renewal, and aggressive expansion involved in the failed Feb 26 Incident
The Three Alls
a brutal Japanese policy in China: “Kill All, Burn All, Loot All” aimed at crushing Chinese resistance during the war
Moga (modan garu)
Modern girl in 1920s Japan young urban women who adopted Western fashion worked outside the home and symbolized changing gender roles
Kwantung Army
the elite Japanese army unit stationed in Manchuria. It engineered the 1931 Mukden Incident and played a central role in expanding Japanese aggression in China
Showa Emperor (Hirohito
Emperor Hirohito reigned from 1926-89. His role in wartime decision making remains debated; he remained emperor after WWII under the new constitution
Liberal internationalism (Pyle)
describing Japan’s cooperative foreign policy in the 1920s emphasizing diplomacy and participation in the international order
The Twenty-one Demands
a set of demands issued by Japan to China in 1915 during World War I seeking expanded political and economic control in China
Shidehara Diplomacy
Foreign policy approach of the 1920s associated with Shidehara Kijuro, emphasizing international cooperation, economic expansion and non military solutions
The Northern Expedition
A military campaign led by Chiang Kai-shek to unify China under the Nationalist government by defeating regional warlords
Revisionism (Pyle)
term for Japan’s 1930 shift toward challenging the international system and expanding militarily
Article 9
Clause in Japan’s 1947 Constitution renouncing war and prohibiting Japan from maintaining armed forces for warfare