Industrialization
What major industry drove the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
Textile Industry
What is imperialism?
A policy of extending a country's power through colonization or military force.
What was the Meiji Restoration?
The 1868 political revolution that restored imperial rule and modernized Japan.
What happened to the samurai class during Meiji Japan?
They lost their privileges and were abolished.
What treaty opened Japan to U.S. trade?
The Treaty of Kanagawa
Which Japanese era saw the start of industrial reforms?
The Meji Era
Name one European country that colonized parts of Africa or Asia.
Britain, France, Germany, or Belgium
Name one reform introduced during the Meiji period.
Universal education, new military, abolition of feudal system.
What new class rose to power during industrialization?
The middle class
Who was Commodore Matthew Perry?
A U.S. naval officer who forced Japan to open its ports.
How did Japan’s government support industrial growth in the Meiji era?
By building railroads, factories, and using Western advisors.
What country did Japan defeat in the Sino-Japanese War?
China
What were the 1848 Revolutions in Europe about?
Demands for democracy, nationalism, and workers rights.
How did education change in Meiji Japan?
A national education system was created with Western influence.
How did Japan’s isolation end?
Western pressure, especially from the U.S., forced Japan to sign unequal treaties.
Name one negative consequence of industrialization in Europe.
Poor working conditions in factories, child labor, pollution.
What was the significance of the Russo-Japanese War?
Japan’s victory shocked the world and proved an Asian power could defeat a European one.
How did reforms in Japan differ from reforms in Europe?
Japan’s reforms were top down, while Europe’s were often from popular uprisings.
How did women’s roles change in industrial Europe?
More women worked in factories, but they still faced low pay and inequality.
Name one alliance or rivalry between European powers in this era.
Triple Entente
Compare industrialization in Britain and Japan
Both modernized industries, but Britain industrialized earlier and was privately led, while Japan’s was state led.
How did Japan and European powers justify their imperial actions?
They claimed it brought civilization used ideas like Social Darwinism and racial superiority.
Explain how nationalism influenced reforms in Japan and Europe.
Nationalism fueled unification in Europe (like Germany, Italy) and helped Japan modernize to compete globally.
Compare how urbanization impacted Japan and a European country.
In both, cities grew quickly, creating overcrowding, but Japan’s government planned cities more centrally.
How did Japan's foreign policy shift from isolation to expansion?
After opening up, Japan modernized and then began imperial expansion into Korea and China