Software Design & UML
What does UML stand for?
Unified Modeling Language
Which architecture pattern separates an application into three layers: Model, View, and Controller?
MVC Pattern
What does SDLC stand for?
Software Development Life Cycle
What does OOP stand for?
Object-Oriented Programming
What is the main goal of software testing?
To ensure the software works as intended and meets requirements.
What’s the main difference between structural and behavioral UML diagrams?
Structural shows system structure (static), behavioral shows system behavior (dynamic).
Which pattern divides a program into layers of abstraction, such as UI, logic, and data?
Layered Architecture Pattern
What are the four values of the Agile Manifesto?
Individuals and interactions, working software, customer collaboration, and responding to change.
What are the four main OOP principles?
Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism
What is the difference between verification and validation?
Verification checks if the product was built correctly; validation checks if the right product was built.
Which UML diagram shows how objects interact over time?
Sequence Diagram
What is one advantage of the Layered Architecture Pattern?
Each layer can be replaced independently without affecting others.
What are two Agile roles in Scrum?
Scrum Master and Product Owner
What does the “Single Responsibility Principle” mean?
A class should have only one reason to change (one purpose).
What are unit tests?
Tests that verify individual components or functions of a program.
What is the purpose of a class diagram?
To show classes, their attributes, operations, and relationships.
What is one disadvantage of the Client-Server pattern?
The shared server can become a performance bottleneck.
What is a Sprint?
A short, time-boxed period where a team works to complete a set amount of work.
What is “composition over inheritance”?
Favoring combining objects over class inheritance to increase flexibility.
What type of testing ensures that multiple system components work together?
Integration Testing
Which UML diagram describes how software is physically deployed on hardware?
Deployment Diagram
What makes Microservices architecture scalable?
Each service can be deployed and scaled independently.
Which SDLC phase focuses on understanding user needs and system requirements?
Requirements Engineering
What is “technical debt”?
The extra cost of reworking code later because a quick, less optimal solution was chosen earlier.
Can software ever truly be bug-free? Why or why not?
No, because complex systems have too many variables to eliminate all defects.