Theory
Which theorists, unlike other crime/deviance theorists, ask why juveniles conform as opposed to why they engage in deviance.
Control theorists
FBI arrest data only report the _____ offense for which the person is arrested.
most serious
Research suggests that recent immigrants to the United States have _____ crime rates than U.S. natives.
Lower
_____ are still illegal in almost all states.
Status offenses
Associating with delinquent peers causes delinquency. Delinquency also causes juveniles to associate with delinquent peers. This is known as a ______________effect.
Reciprocal
Positive emotions associated with delinquency such as being “on a high or rush,” or “pumped up” are examples of ____?
Non social reinforcements
That juveniles often only report trivial acts is one of the weaknesses associated with ______ data of delinquency?
self-report
A greater portion of all female arrests are for larceny-theft and ________.
status offenses
Juvenile courts (as opposed to adult courts) focus more attention on the offender than the ______.
offense
What approach focuses on making offenders aware of the harm they have caused having them repair the harm?
Restorative Justice
According to _______ theories delinquent behavior is learned through the same mechanisms/in the same ways that conforming behavior is.
Social Learning
Robbery, Arson, Motor vehicle theft, and forcible rape are all what?
Part 1 Index Offenses
Crime rates are _____ for people in mid- to late adolescence.
highest
Both males and females are most often arrested for _____ crimes.
minor
Stake in conformity, Belief, Direct Control, and Self-Control are all what?
Major types of control
According to general strain theory, exercise, listening to music, or using drugs are all examples of ________coping.
Emotional
When examining crime trends it is best to look arrest rates rather than _________
the number of arrests
According to victimization data, ____ are overall least likely to be victimized.
females
According to results from the ________ experiment, the male youth that were moved from high-poverty to low-poverty neighborhoods (the experimental group) were no less delinquent than those male youth who remained in the high-poverty neighborhoods (control group).
Moving to Opportunity
This refers to the mutual trust in a community and a generalized willingness to intervene in the supervision of children and to help maintain public order. Such communities where residents are willing to exercise direct control over others are said to be high in:
Collective Efficacy
____________theory is concerned with why certain acts are defined as delinquent and how others react to delinquency.
Labeling
Crime data indicate that today’s youth are not more _____ than previous generations.
violent
Economic deprivation, residential instability, family disruption, and high levels of diversity are all characteristics of ______.
high crime neighborhoods
Denial of the victim, Denial of Injury, Condemning the Condemner are all examples of?
Techniques of Neutralization
Groups who worked to pass status offense laws and create a separate juvenile court and juvenile correctional institutions were known as:
The Child Savers