CHNOPS
What is the C in CHNOPS
carbon
What is the basic monomer unit that makes up proteins?
Amino acids
Which of the following is NOT considered a true polymer, even though it's classified as a macromolecule?
lipid
What is the monomer unit of carbohydrates?
Monosaccaride
What is the monomer unit of nucleic acids?
nucleotide/side
CHNOPS FOR LIPIDS
CHO " sometimes P
Which type of bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain?
Peptide bond
A typical triglyceride (fat) is formed by combining glycerol with three fatty acid chains. What type of reaction links them together, and what small molecule is released?
Dehydration Synthesis
What is the polypeptide one
polysaccharide
What three parts make up a single nucleotide?
base,sugar,phosphate
CHNOPS FOR PROTEINS
CHNO" sometimes S
The secondary structure of a protein, such as an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, is primarily stabilized by which interaction?
Hydrogen bonds
A fatty acid chain contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, causing kinks in its structure and preventing tight packing with neighboring chains. This fatty acid is best described as:
Unsaturated
Starch and cellulose are both polysaccharides made entirely of glucose monomers, yet humans can digest starch but not cellulose. What best explains this difference?
They differ in linkages
Which statement correctly describes the strand structure of DNA versus RNA?
DNA= double strand. RNA= single strand
CHNOPS FOR CARBS
CHO
A single amino acid substitution changes a hydrophobic R group to a charged R group at a position buried in the protein's hydrophobic core. What is the most likely consequence?
the protein may denature
which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic
the glycerol head
Glycogen (in animals) and starch (in plants) both serve as storage polysaccharides, while cellulose (plants) and chitin (fungi/arthropods) serve structural roles. What underlying principle explains why some glucose polymers are good for storage while others are good for structure?
Branching and bond type affect compactness/accessibility for storage versus strength from parallel fibers for structure
In DNA, which base pairs with adenine?
thymine
CHNOPS FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS
CHNOP
Hemoglobin consists of four separate polypeptide subunits, each already folded into its own tertiary structure, that associate together to form the final functional protein. Which level of structure does this describe, and what best characterizes the interactions holding it together?
Quaternary structure
what type of structure does a steroid have
4 fused C rings.
what do the single rings bonded together look like they are doing
HOLDING HANDS
In general terms, what is the main functional difference between DNA and RNA in a cell?
DNA stores RNA does