6.1
define skill?
Skill is the consistent production of goal-oriented movements, which are learned and specific to the task.
Explain what a plateau learning curve is
Then a period with no improvement – plateau
If we keep practicing, there is a breakthrough
Probably still learning but not shown in performance
With more practice, learning is demonstrated
one benefit of movement analysis
optimize technique
maximize force output
injury management
adapting movements
promoting safty
define perceptual motor skill
involves thought, interpretation and movement skills. Depends on high perceptual ability and adaptability to environment
define goal-oriented
using the skill will achieve an end result
state two categories of abilities
perceptual motor abilities
motor abilities
describe the characteristics associated with the cognitve stage of learning
- Gathering information about the movement so when completing there is a ton of errors occurring
- walking: stumbling, only able to take a few steps before falling, need something to balance with
distinugish between discrete and continuous skills
Discrete Skills- Have a clear beginning and end
Examples: Throwing a ball, jumping
Continuous Skills- Have no defined start or finish and are repetitive
Examples: Running, swimming
distinguish learning and performance
learning:
permanent change in perfomance
EX: consistantly finsished sub 6 minute mile
performance:
a temporary occurance
EX: running mile under 6 minutes once
two examples of a continuous skill
running, swimming, biking, walking
STATE TWO FLEISHMAN’S ABILITIES – PHYSICAL
PROFICIENCY ABILITIES
static strength
dynamic strength
explosive strength
trunk strength
extent flexibility
dynamic flexibility
gross body coordination
gross body equilibrium
stamina
describe the characteristcs of the autonomous stage of learning
Performance can be done subconsciously with minimal errors made
Feedback not needed from coach – you can adjust your own errors
state two key elements of the discrete skills
Key elements could be:
Point of contact: hitting a ball/object
Moment of release: letting go of a ball/object
Takeoff: leaving the ground
define positve accelaration learning curve and give a possible reason for it
slight performance gain intitially then rapid movement in perfromance
possible reasons:
increasing task complexity
information overload in early stages
learned gradually developing intrest
two examples of discrete skills
throwing a ball, jumping, catching a ball,kicking a soccor ball, swinging a gold club
Define 3 transfers of learning
Transfer of learning refers to the effect that practice on one task has on the learning or performance of another task.
Positive Transfer: when the practice of one task has a facilitating effect on the learning or performance of another task
Negative Transfer: when the practice of one task has an inhibiting effect on the learning or performance of another task
Zero Transfer: when the practice of one task has no effect on the other
state the three stages of learning
Cognitve
Associative
Autonomus
explain the force production phase
Force production phase refers to the specific moment during a movement where muscles actively generate the most force, essentially the phase where the body is actively pushing against an external resistance to create movement; it involves the coordinated contraction of muscles to produce the necessary force for the desired action
state 3 possible reasons for a negative acceleration learning curve
practie highley sucsessful and then tapered off
physical fatigue
loss of intrest
loss of motivation
limited liability of coach knowledge
substandard equiptment
state three possible reasons for a plateau acceleration learning curve
lack of practice
declining intrest
lack of drive or motivation
inability of coach being able to provide knowledge
injury
poor grasp of fundamentals
state 4 types of skill?
motor skill
cognitive skill
perceptual skill
perceptual motor skill
State the four types of learning curves
linear
positive accelaration
negative accelaration
plateau
state 4 technical tools of movement analysis
Technical Tools:
Motion sensors
Force plates
Timing systems
Biomechanics software
define critical instant and state 3 key elements of it
the moment of contact or realease, it determines the effectiveness of a skill
key elements:
point of contact (hitting/realeasing)
moment of release (letting go of object)
takeoff (leaving the ground)
explain th four phases of movement in a tennis serve
Prepatory Phase: Ball toss, knee bends
Force Production Phase: leg drive, arm acceleration
Critical Instant Phase: Ball contact with tenni racket
Follow Through Phase: Arm deceleration and continued movement after the hit