1
Draw and label the cell cycle.
1
Name the 3 stages of interphase and something that occurs in each stage.
G1- cell grows and duplicates organelles
S- cell copies chromosomes
G2- cell grows and checks duplicated chromosomes
1
Name the phases of mitosis in order.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
1
List three treatments for cancer.
Radiation, chemotherapy, surgery
1
What are two ways cells control the cell cycle?
External controls through growth factors and signals from other cells; internal controls from cyclins and Cdk.
2
What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?
A benign tumor doesn't spread
2
How can stem cells be used in medicine?
Stem cells can be used to regenerate tissues or repair cells that have been damaged by disease.
2
Why do cells need to duplicate their chromosomes before mitosis?
Duplicating chromosomes allows each new cell to have a full set of genetic material.
2
How does a carcinogen affect the cell cycle?
Give an example of one.
Carcinogens can mutate the DNA of the cell, causing cyclins to be incorrectly produced. This prevents abnormal cells from stopping at checkpoints and can lead to uncontrolled growth.
Example: tobacco
2
Both Mitosis and Binary Fission produce...
two identical daughter cells
3
What are cyclins and why are they important?
Cyclins are molecules that form and degrade creating checkpoints along the cell cycle.
3
How does the length of interphase compare to mitosis?
Interphase is much longer than mitosis. It accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle.
3
All three checkpoints in the cell cycle are focused around double-checking the integrity of....
DNA
3
Compare and contrast mitosis and cytokinesis.
Both involve division of the cell, but mitosis is the division of the genetic material (chromosomes) and cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and remainder of the cell volume.
3
What is a stem cell and where can totipotent stem cells be found?
A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide indefinitely and become many different types of cells.
Totipotent stem cells are found in the embryo of a developing organism.
4
Give 2 reasons cells can’t survive at a large size and what they try to maintain.
The DNA would be overloaded providing instructions for proteins. The cell would also not be able to efficiently exchange materials.
4
Which phase of mitosis is this cell in? Identify the labeled structures.
Metaphase
A- chromosome
B- spindle fiber
C- centriole
4
Give 4 differences between asexual and sexual
reproduction.
Most unicellular organisms reproduce
through asexual reproduction, in which
one cell divides into two.
Sexual reproduction involves the joining
of 2 reproductive cells- one from each of
2 parents.
Although asexual reproduction is often
easier (no need to find a mate), sexual
reproduction helps to mix genetic
information which can improve a
species’ survival.
4
Draw the process of binary fission. In which type of cells does this occur?
Binary fission involves copying circular DNA and pinching the cell in half. This occurs in prokaryotic cells.
4
How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?
In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches together.
In plant cells, a cell plate forms to divide the new cells.
5
When does a tumor get classified as “malignant”?
A tumor is classified as malignant when it has spread to another area of the body from its origin.
5
What are the two ways multicellular organisms replicate asexually?
Budding, Vegetative Propagation
5
Why does chromatin condense into chromosomes before mitosis in eukaryotic cells?
Chromosomes are more organized and compact, causing the DNA to be divided more easily without getting tangled.
5
Draw the 4 phases of mitosis.
5
Identify the labeled items and whole picture.
A- sister chromatids
B- centromere