Anatomical Directional Terms
If your heart is compared to your lungs, is it medial or lateral?
Medial
A cell is making lots of proteins. Which organelle would you expect to find in large amounts?
Ribosomes (or Rough ER)
Which circulation carries blood between the heart and lungs?
Pulmonary circulation
Which part of the digestive system mainly reabsorbs water?
Large intestine (colon)
Which part of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Which body plane divides the body into top and bottom portions?
Transverse plane
A muscle cell needs lots of energy to contract. Which organelle would it have the most of?
Mitochondria
A person chokes while eating. Which structure normally prevents food from entering the airway
Epiglottis
A patient has severe pain as a mineral deposit travels through the ureter. What is it?
Kidney stone
Which part of a neuron receives incoming messages?
Dendrites
If your elbow is compared to your wrist, is it proximal or distal?
Proximal
Which organelle has ribosomes attached to it?
Rough ER
Which lung has three lobes?
Right lung
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
A mucus layer protects it.
A person suddenly hears a loud noise and their heart rate increases. Which autonomic branch is activated?
Sympathetic ("fight or flight")
If your feet are compared to your knees, are they superior or inferior?
Inferior
Which organelle is most like the stomach because it digests materials?
Lysosome
A patient has a blockage in the vessels that supply the heart muscle itself. Which blood vessels are blocked? (HINT: causes heart attacks)
Coronary arteries
Which muscle contracts to empty the bladder?
Detrusor muscle
Why do people with Multiple Sclerosis develop weakness or paralysis?
Damaged myelin slows or blocks nerve signals.
If your back is compared to your chest, is it posterior (dorsal) or anterior (ventral)?
Posterior/Dorsal
A cell is producing insulin, a protein hormone. Which two organelles work together to make and package it?
Rough ER and Golgi apparatus
What is the difference between external and internal respiration?
External: lungs ↔ blood; Internal: blood ↔ body tissues
Besides removing waste, name one other important job of the kidneys.
Regulate water, electrolytes, blood pressure, or pH.
Which would likely transmit signals faster: a neuron with myelin or one without myelin?
A myelinated neuron.