RD or Not, Here I Come
In the IDT team, who can make a nutrition/RD referral?
What is every IDT discipline.
Which is a whole grain?
a. Multi-grain Bread b. Brown Rice
c. Pearled Barley d. Popcorn
What is brown rice.
This simple screening tool is often used by RD's in the PACE setting to identify risk for malnutrition.
What is the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).
Which nutrient provides the most energy per gram?
What is Fat. 9 calories per gram as compared to 4 calories per gram of carbohydrates and protein.
Which sugars are okay for patients with type 2 diabetes?
a. cane sugar & brown sugar b. Honey & Agave
c. Monk Fruit & Stevia d. Splenda & HFCS
What is Monk Fruit Sweetener and Stevia.
Monk fruit and stevia are generally safe for people with diabetes because they are non-nutritive, zero-calorie sweeteners that do not significantly impact blood sugar levels.
How many audits do RD's do here at PACE?
What is Monthly kitchen audits and quarterly CACFP Center Monitoring Audits (4x/year).
Name 3 vegetables that are counted as carbohydrates instead of fiber based on the My Plate eating guide.
what is corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peas, butternut squash, acorn squash.
With aging, this sense often diminishes first, which can lead to decreased appetite and reduced food intake in older adults.
What is the sense of smell.
Which supplement do vegetarians and vegans have to take?
What is vitamin B12 or Cobalamin.
Mainly found in animal proteins.
People with hypertension are often advised to follow the DASH diet. What does DASH stand for?
What is Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. Eating vegetables, fruits, & whole grains, fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, and vegetable oils, Limiting saturated fat and sugar-sweetened beverages.
How many billable encounters do RD's do here at PACE and what are they?
What is follow-ups, reassessments, unscheduled reassessments, and initial assessments.
How many food groups are included in My Plate? Which one is the only optional food group?
What is 5: fruits, Vegetables, Grains, Protein, Dairy.
Optional food group: The fat group is the only optional food group and the portion size is the smallest on the plate (size of your thumb).
Older adults have decreased production of this stomach acid, which can impair absorption of vitamin B12, iron, and calcium.
What is hydrochloric acid.
What is the main nutrient in Tomatoes and what is it good for?
What is Lycopene.
Lycopene is a red carotenoid pigment known for its antioxidant properties, healthy prostate health (reduce prostate cancer), bone health, heart health, and skin health.
A cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy has a weakened immune system. What type of therapeutic diet do they need to be on and why?
What is a neutropenic diet. To reduce infection by limiting the intake of foods that may contain harmful bacteria/parasites. Diet consists of cooked foods, proper food hygiene and safe food handling, and avoiding high-risk raw foods.
If a ppt has chewing/swallowing issues, what kind of textured diet may an RD put them on?
What is soft & bite-sized, minced & moist, and pureed diet.
What does CACFP stand for? Why must PACE meals be CACFP compliant?
What is The Child and Adult Care Food Program. The federal government reimburses PACE sites for meals that meet the guidelines.
Breakfast: Milk, Fruit or Vegetable, Grains
Lunch: Milk, Meat, Fruit, Vegetable, Grains
This oral health issue amongst the geriatric population can make chewing difficult, often leading to avoidance of high-fiber foods like fruits and vegetables.
What is poor dentition or ill-fitting dentures.
Which 2 minerals help regulate blood pressure, fluid balance, and heart function?
What is sodium and potassium.
They work together to correct fluid levels inside & outside cells. High sodium intake w/o sufficient potassium can lead to high blood pressure. An imbalance in sodium & potassium can lead to arrhythmias & heart problems.
What essential amino acid must be obtained from the diet by individuals with PKU because their bodies cannot make it from phenylalanine?
What is tyrosine. People with PKU need to obtain tyrosine from their diet because the disorder prevents the body from converting phenylalanine into tyrosine leading to deficiency. Tyrosine is a nonessential AA, PKU makes it "essential" for those with the condition. Sources Tyrosine: Beef, Chicken, Pork, Fish, Soybeans, Tofu, Nuts, Beans.
Name at least 5 reasons why IDT disciplines might refer to RD?
what is: name any chronic condition, weight gain/weight loss, supplements, food insecurity, malnutrition, low appetite or intake, enteral nutrition, food allergies, food intolerances, GI issues (N,V,D), diet texture issues, nutrition education, center meal issues or preferences.
What milk alternatives do we provide here at PACE for our ppt's? AND which ones meet CACFP guidelines?
What is soy, lactose-free milk, and almond milk. Only soy and lactose-free milk meet the guidelines.
For adults, a normal BMI range is from 25 to 29. For older adults (>65 y/o), what is considered a "normal" BMI range?
What is 23-30. A slightly higher BMI is associated with better health outcomes, including increased muscle mass, greater protection against frailty, falls, and mortality in older adults. A BMI <23 can signal nutritional decline and increase risks.
In the U.S., who is most likely to develop scurvy and from what vitamin deficiency?
a. Pregnant Person b. A Malnourished Baby
c. A Vegan d. Person w/ alcohol use disorder
What is alcohol use disorder, vitamin C deficiency.
Alcoholics may be lacking in many nutrients, including too little thiamin, vitamin C, protein, and overall calories. Poor diet, malabsorption, liver damage, reduced sun exposure, they also have increased needs.
In healthy adults diabetes glucose target goals are: A1c <7.0–7.5%, Fasting glucose: 80–130 mg/dL, Postprandial: <180 mg/dL. How might these numbers change for medically complex older adults ?
(A1c, fasting, and postprandial)
What is: A1c <8.0–8.5%, Fasting: 100–180 mg/dL, Postprandial: <200 mg/dL
Older adults are more prone to hypoglycemia, and have slower metabolisms. The goal is to avoid hypoglycemia and maintain quality of life rather than strict glucose control.