Crowns
1-4 common cold, SARS, MERS, COVID
What type of animal is our best guess COVID-19 jumped from?
Raccoon Dogs
What percentage of people infected with polio experience weakness/paralysis or death?
<1%
What does SARS stand for?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
What does WHO stand for?
Extra 1000 points: name the 8 PHEIC declared by the WHO
World Health Organization
H1N1 Swine Flu, Polio, Ebola (twice), Zika, COVID-19, mpox (twice)
One of the common cold coronaviruses is hypothesized to have caused what global event?
Extra 200 points: What year did this event happen?
Russian Flu
1889
About how many viruses infect humans?
About 1000, though there are 1031 viruses known
What is R0 if a virus dies out and stops infecting the human population?
R0<1
Who discovered a vaccine for polio?
Jonas Salk
A person with what job might study domestic violence, impact of hurricanes on drinking water, and bioterrorism?
Epidemiologist
In what country did SARS start? (half credit)
Why were we able to contain SARS but we couldn't contain COVID-19?
China
SARS 2002 couldn't be spread until you were symptomatic, so we were able to isolate and stop the spread. COVID-19 transmits prior to symptoms so we couldn't contain it.
What type of disease is a virus that comes from other animals?
Zoonotic
What is the mortality rate of MERS?
Extra 1000 points: What disease broke out in Nome, Alaska in 1924-5 and how did we get medicine to the city?
Approximately 35%
Diptheria, dogsleds
What percentage of people infected with polio virus have no symptoms? (Within 5%)
70%
How do the Pfizer/Moderna and J&J vaccines work?
Extra 500 points: What 1950's drug administered to treat morning sickness caused severe birth defects in babies?
Pfizer/Moderna: encase genetic material in lipid bilayer--inject-body reads genetic material and makes protein. Protein is foreign so body attacks it and makes antibodies. Antibodies protect you.
J&J puts genetic material in another virus instead of lipid bilayer
Thalidomide
Why do we not stay up at night worrying about MERS? (half credit)
What animal does MERS typically jump to humans from? (other half)
Because the R0 is <1
Camels
Why do viruses impact different parts of the body?
How do people die from polio?
Extra 1000 points: What bacteria, whose spores are found in honey, causes similar issues?
Paralysis of muscles needed to breathe (diaphragm and accessory muscles.)
Clostridium Botulinum
Afghanistan and Pakistan
What are the two main types of testing for COVID-19?
PCR and Rapid Antigen
How many cases of SARS were seen in humans worldwide last year?
Extra 200 pts: What type of animal do we think SARS 2002 jumped to humans from (the direct jump, not the animal 2 back).
0, it has not been seen in humans since 2004
Civets
What is it called when a virus jumps from one animal to another?
Spillover
How many people died from SARS? (within 10)
779
In what year was polio eradicated from the US? (Within 5 years)
1979
How does PCR work?
Amplifies DNA, heat to denature, put in primers/polmerase to replicate, then heat again to make multiple copies--use gel electrophoresis to look for specifically sized DNA fragments and determine presence of disease