Basics and Definitions
Define anatomy
study of structure or form of the body structures
Name the 3 planes
Frontal/coronal, sagittal, transverse
4 Most common Elements
Extra points for what percent of body they make up!
Extra points for which one is most "essential"
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen
96%
Carbon
What is the name of the property that makes the cell membrane selective to certain substances trying to pass through the membrane?
semipermeability
What is the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides?
Mono- one monomer of a carbohydrate
Di- pair of monosaccharides
Poly- more than 2 monosaccharides paired together
Define physiology
study of the function
Which 2 body cavities are located in the ventral or anterior body cavity?
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
Lipids are hydrophobic, what does that mean?
They do not like water
Name the 3 types of fluids
intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid
True or False
Gross Anatomy is the study of structures observed w/ magnification
False
Gross anatomy is the study of structures observed without the need for magnification
State the structural organization of the body from smallest to largest (extra points if you explain each in depth)
Cells - smallest living thing that does stuff
tissues- similar cells working together to carry out a specific function
Organs- 2 or more tissues working together to carry out a function
Organ systems- different organs and tissues working together for a common goal/function
Would it be correct to say:
The wrist is inferior to the olecranon?
If not, what is correct?
What is the make-up of a triglyceride and where is it most abundantly found?
Glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acids
Body tissues
The cell membrane consists of a bilayer of what? What do they do to form the membrane
Phospholipids, hydrophilic heads face towards the extra/intra cellular fluids while hydrophobic tails face inside
Depending on temperature, cholesterol in the cell membrane effects what?
Membrane fluidity
define diffusion and is it active or passive?
the movement of the particles from areas of high to low concentration (passive)
What does the visceral layer do?
What does the parietal layer do?
Visceral layer- covers the organ/viscera itself
Parietal layer- lines the walls of the body cavity
How many electrons does carbon have in its valence shell and what does that mean?
4 electrons, which means it does not complete its valence shell by donating/accepting electrons. Rather, it shares through covalent bonding with a variety of elements (most commonly hydrogen)
4 types of gates and quick description of them?
ligand gated- opens bc signaling molecules bind to extracellular region of channel
Mechanical- opens bc of physical distortion of cell membrane
voltage- responds to changes in electrical properties of membrane
leakage- randomly gated, opens/closes at random
What are the charges of sodium, potassium, and chlorine?
Sodium and potassium are positive
Chlorine is negative
Define the serous membrane (serosa) and what type of cavities do they present in?
Free for all: What are the correct anatomical terms for the following body parts
skull, back, armpit, neck, thigh, kneecap, wrist
skull- cranium/cranial
back- dorsum/dorsal
armpit- axilla/axillary
neck- cervicle/cervical
thigh- femur/femoral
kneecap- patella/patellar
wrist- carpus/carpal
What is the main function for polysaccharides?
extra points if you can name the main polysaccharide in humans
Storage!
Glycogen- which is stored in tissues
What do glycoproteins and glycolipids do?
use signaling techniques that allow cells to recognize other cells
What is the big difference between integral protein channels and integral protein carriers
Carriers can go against the concentration gradient while channels must move with gradient