Texts and Thinkers
This Roman historian’s work Germania provides our main, though biased, view of early Germanic tribes.
Who is Tacitus?
Built by Justinian in Constantinople, its massive dome symbolized the Emperor’s power and "Holy Wisdom."
What is the Hagia Sophia?
This style of architecture, often seen in monasteries, is characterized by thick walls, rounded arches, and a fortress-like appearance.
What is Romanesque Architecture?
The theological insight developed by Martin Luther that salvation comes through "Faith Alone," not by good works.
What is Justification by Faith Alone (Sola Fide)?
The Visigothic king who led the Sack of Rome in 410.
Who is Alaric?
This type of philosophy, helped St. Augustine reconcile Greek thought with Christianity.
What is Neo-Platonism?
The name for the riots that almost deposed Justinian in 532.
What is the Nika Revolt?
This innovative feature of Gothic architecture transfers the outward thrust of the walls, allowing for massive stained glass windows and height.
What are Flying Buttresses?
The view of Communion held by Martin Luther, where Christ is present in, with, and under the bread and wine, but the substance does not change.
What is Consubstantiation?
The traditional date for the deposition of Romulus Augustulus, marking the "End of the Western Roman Empire."
What is 476 AD?
Charlemagne’s biographer, who modeled his work, Two Lives of Charlemagne, after the Roman historian Suetonius.
Who is Einhard?
This Pope, known as the "Great," laid the foundation for the papacy’s political power in the West and sent missionaries like Augustine of Canterbury to England.
Who is Gregory the Great?
The two main political structures that characterized the decentralized Italian Renaissance city-states.
What are Republics and Principalities
This group, whose name means "re-baptizers," advocated for adult baptism, separation of church and state, and Pacifism.
Who are the Anabaptists?
The two main groups that attacked the Carolingian Empire from the north and east during the 8th–10th centuries, leading to the rise of feudalism.
Who are the Northmen (Vikings) and the Magyars?
The Scholastic thinker who synthesized Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology in the Summa Theologica.
Who is Thomas Aquinas?
The clear, standardized script developed under Charlemagne that greatly aided the preservation of texts.
What is Carolingian Minuscule?
The military order founded by Ignatius of Loyola that were used for education and missions.
What is the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)?
The Germanic general who deposed the last Western Roman Emperor in 476.
Who is Odovacar?
The Christian Humanist who wrote In Praise of Folly to critique church abuses but sought reform from within, rather than leaving the Catholic Church
Who is Desiderius Erasmus?
The location in Italy that was the center of Byzantine power and is famous for its extensive mosaics depicting Justinian and Theodora.
What is Ravenna?
This meeting in 1529 failed to unite Luther and Zwingli because they could not agree on the meaning of the Eucharist.
What is the Marburg Colloquy?
The specific city in North Africa where St. Augustine was bishop.
What is Hippo?