Anatomy
Using directional terminology, an injury located on an extremity near the trunk is best described how?
What is proximal. Distal refers to an area away, posterior to the back, and lateral away from midline.
The term used to describe events typically with exertion, where the heart does not receive enough oxygen, often resulting in pain.
What is angina. Angina is the medical term that describes chest pain following exertion, resulting from poor oxygenation to the cardiac muscle.
This is the indication and main mechanism of action for activated charcoal
What is management of a poison ingestion. Activated charcoal binds to the toxin or poison in the stomach to prevent absorption from occurring.
This time range, in hours, is the average length of a woman’s first labor.
What is 12-18 hours. This can vary widely and is unique to each mother, tending to decrease in length with each subsequent baby.
This primary intervention single handedly provides patients the greatest chance for survival during a cardiac arrest
What is early defibrillation.
Name the three layers of skin
What are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous.
This term refers to the condition of heart “quivering” and not producing a pulse.
What is fibrillation. Fibrillation is the condition in which the heart muscle fibers are producing uncontrolled rapid contractions and are unable to produce a pulse.
The term used to describe a serious allergic reaction, and the medication administered to treat it.
What is anaphylaxis and epinephrine.
At 34 weeks gestation, a woman experiencing vaginal bleeding is likely the result of what?
What is a placenta problem. Vaginal bleeding that occurs late in pregnancy is usually related to a placenta issue.
Bleeding with severe abdominal pain → placental abruption.
Painless vaginal bleeding → placenta previa.
You arrive at the home of a young couple who have an unresponsive one-month old baby. Upon examination, you see that the baby is in rigor mortis. What is your next action?
What is comfort the parents. If the baby is in rigor mortis, do not attempt resuscitation. Observe the scene details, and document accordingly.
Name the correct sequences of connective function for bones, muscle, tendon, and ligaments
What is muscle-tendon-bone and bone-ligament-bone
A 10-year old male has atraumatic epistaxis. His is visibly upset and crying. This is the most appropriate way to control his bleeding.
What is having the patient sit leaning forward, with their head tilted forward and applying direct pressure for at least 15 minutes.
These are two medications that an EMT is able to assist within their scope of practice.
What are nitroglycerin and albuterol.
This is the color of normal amniotic
What is clear. Normally, amniotic fluid is clear; brown or green may indicate maternal or fetal distress. Bleeding does not accompany breakage of the amniotic sac.
The return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) has been achieved for a patient who was previously pulseless and apneic. They are now semi-conscious with adequate respirations of 22 breaths per minute. Your next appropriate step in managing this patient is this.
What is give high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask and continue to monitor closely.
Bleeding from this site often produces emesis with black particles, often described as “coffee ground”.
What is the stomach. Bright red blood or tarry stools occur from the colon.
You suspect involvement of which system for a patient experiencing stabbing chest pain that increases in severity when taking a deep breath.
What is the respiratory system. Stabbing pain in the chest that increases in intensity with deep breathing is often associated with the respiratory system (think pulmonary embolism)
These are three reasons why aspirin would not be administered to a patient experiencing a cardiovascular emergency.
What are documented allergy, stomach ulcer, bleeding condition.
You receive a call from a panicked Uber driver telling you that a woman is having a baby in his car. When you arrive, a crowd has gathered around the cab. A woman is lying in the back seat, moaning. She complains of needing to go to the bathroom. The first step in caring for this patient is what?
What is protect your patient from bystanders. Ask the crowd to leave in a polite but firm manner; next you should help your patient remove any clothing obstructing view of the vaginal opening. A feeling of impending bowel movement and bulging at the vaginal opening may indicate imminent birth.
These are the four links in the American Heart Association’s “Chain of survival”.
What are recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system, immediately high-quality CPR, rapid defibrillation, and post-cardiac arrest care.
You should use these arteries when assessing for pulses in an infant.
What are the brachial and femoral arteries.
You are caring for a child who is exhibiting inattentive behavior, high fevers, and has a generalized rash. You are cautiously observing for signs of what?
What is seizure activity. High fevers, altered mental status and rash are indicative of meningitis, inflammation to the tissue protecting the brain and spinal cord.
To which patient should you administer oral glucose?
a. 60-year-old female behaving as if she is intoxicated, and whose daughter informs you that she takes insulin by injection.
b. 45-year-old male with a history of diabetes behaving erratically after falling and hitting his head in the bathtub.
c. 70-year-old male with a long history of diabetes who is unconscious and cannot swallow.
d. 52-year-old female who tells you that she is feeling dizzy and has a blood sugar reading of 46.
What is patient D.
As you are assessing an infant’s APGAR scores, you realize the infant’s heart rate is 78 beats per minute. This is your next step.
What is start compressions. Newborn infants should be breathing on their own within a few seconds after birth, however if the newborn does not immediately begin to breathe, gently rub the infant in a circular motion on the back to stimulate breathing. Alternatively, you can rub or tap the bottom of the feet. If neither of these tactics work, provide positive pressure ventilations at a rate of 30-60 breaths per minute.
If your AED says “no shock advised”, because the patient’s rhythm is asystole, what is your immediate next step?
What is begin CPR.