Transaminitis
Name the Cholestatic and Hepatocellular Liver Enzymes
Cholestatic: ALP / GGT
Hepatocellular: AST / ALT
What is the blood pressure target for patients with Diabetes?
< 130/80
What is the hormone that stimulates hunger?
Ghrelin
Light’s criteria are used to classify pleural effusion and state that in order to consider it an exudate, at least one of the following points must be satisfied:
pleural fluid protein/serum fluid protein ratio > 0.5
pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/serum fluid LDH ratio > 0.6
pleural fluid LDH > 2/3 the upper limit of normal serum LDH
With his famous line being, “We were on a break!”, this Friends cast member was one of the central characters in the series.
Ross
Name 3 causes of Hepatocellular Liver Enzymes in the 1000's
•Toxins/Drugs (acetaminophen, cocaine –associated with ischemic injury)
•Viral (Acute Hep A, B, D, or E)
•Vascular: Shock, Budd Chiari
•Acute stone w/ in 24 hours
•Autoimmune hepatitis
•Wilson’s (rare)
Name 3 ways to diagnose Diabetes.
Fasting Blood Glucose >7.0 mmol/L
Hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5%
2hPG in a 75g OGTT ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
Random PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
What BMI is used to classify normal weight?
18.5 - 24.9
What is the Diagnostic Criteria for Pancreatitis?
Diagnosis is made when 2 out of 3 criteria are met:
• Symptoms consistent with pancreatitis (e.g. epigastric pain)
• Elevation of serum amylase or lipase (to 3 times normal level)
• Radiological features consistent with pancreatitis (e.g. CT or MRI)
Who is Central Perk’s Gunther in love with?
Rachel
What is the pattern of liver enzymes for Alcoholic Hepatitis (2 Parts)
AST > 50, AST/ALT > 1.5-2, and both values < 400, Tbili > 51
What are the Cholesterol Targets for Primary Prevention?
•LDL < 2.0
•Non-HDL < 2.6
•apoB <0.8
What percent of total body weight loss is achievable with lifestyle interventions?
3-5%
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) include:
a positive ascitic fluid bacterial culture and an elevated absolute polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count in the ascitic fluid, typically exceeding 250 cells/mm3
Finish the lyrics to Phoebe’s song Smelly Cat…
Smelly cat, smelly cat,
What are they feeding you?
Smelly cat, smelly cat….
It's not your fault
Name 3 causes of Painless Extrahepatic Biliary Duct Dilation.
•Strictures (PSC)
•Benign obstruction (IgG4/AIP, AIDS cholangiopathy)
•Malignant obstruction
What are the Cholesterol Targets for Secondary Prevention?
•LDL < 1.8
•Non-HDL < 2.4
•apoB <0.7
Name 3 classes of medications for weight loss.
Contrave
Orlistat
GLP1 Analogs
What is the difference between complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema?
complicated parapneumonic effusion: Gram stain and culture are negative, glucose level greater than 3.3 mmol/L, pH less than 7.20.
empyema: all of the above + evidence of pus with positive gram stain + culture
What is Joey's catch phrase?
How YOU doin'...
What are 3 contraindications of prednisolone to treat Alcoholic Hepatitis?
Uncontrolled GI Bleed
AKI
Acute Pancreatitis
Infection
Psychosis
●LDL >5
●High FH risk or Mod FH + LDL >3.5
●Macrovascular Dz
●Microvascular Dz (nephropathy or retinopathy)
●Age >40
●Age >30 + 15 yrs DM
BMI > 40 or BMI > 35 with one obesity related disease
What is the diagnosis criteria for PD Peritonitis?
We recommend that peritonitis should be diagnosed when at least two of the following are present:
1. clinical features consistent with peritonitis, that is, abdominal pain and/or cloudy dialysis effluent;
2. dialysis effluent white cell count > 100/µL or > 0.1 × 109/L (after a dwell time of at least 2 h), with > 50% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN);
3. positive dialysis effluent culture (1C).
How many times did Ross get divorced?
3