Study Design
The NSDUH report uses this type of study design.
What is a cross-sectional study?
Individuals with this level of education have significantly lower rates of depression.
Source: Akhtar-Danesh et al. (2007)
What is higher education?
Also accepted:
What is a college/bachelor's education/degree?
This condition is defined as having, for at least two weeks in the past year, persistent depressed mood or loss of interest, along with symptoms like sleep disturbance, low energy, poor concentration, or suicidal thoughts.
What is a major depressive episode?
Also acceptable:
What is a major depressive disorder?
What is clinical depression?
One public health goal related to major depressive episodes is to increase access to these types of services (hint: includes therapy and medication management).
What are mental health treatment services?
The study uses data from an existing national survey, so this type of data source was used.
What is secondary data?
Depression is more likely to affect these populations due to complex interactions between biology, environment, and life circumstances.
Sources: NHI, Mayo Clinic
1) What are women?
2) What are people with low socioeconomic status?
If 2000 out of 10000 young adults surveyed report a major depressive episode, what is the prevalence?
What is 20%?
One public health strategy to address major depressive episodes in young adults is to expand outreach and services for this population.
Who are high risk youth?
A limitation of the study design is that it cannot determine this type of relationship between exposure and outcome.
What is causality?
These two sociodemographic factors were significantly associated with depression?
Source: Felmingham et al. (2022)
1) What is age?
2) What is gender?
You have a sample of 5000 people, and 1250 report a major depressive episode. Calculate the prevalence.
What is 25%?
Providing mental health screening and treatment in these two settings can improve early detection and reduce barriers to care for young adults.
1) What are schools?
2) What are primary care settings?
The NSDUH survey uses this type of sampling so all major subpopulations are represented.
What is stratified sampling?
Between 2015 and 2020, this age group saw one of the largest increases in depression prevalence, contributing to concerns about a widening treatment gap.
Source: Goodwin et al. (2022)
What are the ages 18–25?
Also accepted:
What are young adults?
If the risk of a major depressive episode in women is 25% and 15% in men, calculate the risk ratio.
What is 1.67?
This type of public health campaign works to reduce negative perceptions that stop young adults from seeking help for depression.
What are stigma reduction campaigns?
A strength of this study design is that it allows you to estimate this measure (hint: it describes how common a condition is in a population at one point in time).
What is prevalence?
In addition to unemployment and low education, this behavioral factor is associated with higher depression risk.
Source: Cook et al. (2021)
What is heavy alcohol consumption?
There is a sample of 2000 people, 1000 men and 1000 women. Of the women, 250 stated they experienced a major depressive episode. Of the men, 150 stated they experienced a major depressive episode. Calculate the odds ratio of major depressive episodes comparing women and men.
What is 1.89?
These policies mandate the inclusion of mental health literacy in school curricula and workplace training programs to reduce stigma and promote help-seeking behaviors.
What are mental health literacy policies?