Lipids
This lipoprotein is comprised of 50% protein.
What is high density lipoprotein
This term describes a clot that travels from its origin to another area in the body.
What is an embolism?
This congenital high‑flow vascular lesion features a direct artery‑to‑vein connection with no capillary bed.
What is an arteriovenous malformation (AVM)?
A CXR showing Kerley B lines, and pulmonary congestion indicates this diagnosis.
Left sided heart failure
Name at least two characteristics of syncope that would be considered high-risk
What is: During exertion, In supine position, New onset chest discomfort, palpitations before, dyspnea with syncope
This type of dyslipidemia is caused by underlying conditions such as diabetes, CKD, hypothyroidism, poor diet, or medications.
What is secondary dyslipidemia?
This test is the gold standard for diagnosing DVT, with 95% sensitivity and specificity
What is venous doppler ultrasound?
This Doppler ultrasound finding indicates a thickened vessel wall and is characteristic of temporal artery involvement in Giant cell arteritis.
What is the “halo sign”?
This type of diagnostic test is most sensitive for detecting left atrial appendage thrombus.
TEE
Unequal brachial blood pressures in a syncopal patient suggest this disorder
What is subclavian steal syndrome (subclavian stenosis will be accepted)
This lab test is considered the gold standard for diagnosing hyperlipidemia and must be performed when the random lipid panel shows a total cholesterol over 200 mg/dL.
What is a fasting lipid profile?
Pain, pallor, pulselessness, poikilothermia, paresthesias, and paralysis represent these hallmark findings.
What are the 6 P’s of peripheral artery disease and/or acute limb ischemia?
The gold standard diagnostic test for intracranial AVMs, used for detailed anatomy and treatment planning.
What is digital subtraction angiography (DSA)?
A CAC score greater than 400 indicates this.
High CAD burden
This is one of the medications preferred to elevate blood pressure in patients who fail lifestyle changes for reflex syncope
What is fludrocortisone or midodrine?
A triglyceride level above this threshold places a patient at risk for pancreatitis and requires urgent triglyceride‑lowering therapy.
What is 500 mg/dL?
According to USPSTF, a one‑time AAA ultrasound screening is recommended for this specific group.
Who are men aged 65–75 who have smoked?
Superficial venous thrombosis becomes higher‑risk when the clot extends within this distance of the deep venous system.
What is within 3 cm of the deep venous system?
This device is used for temporary support in cardiogenic shock causing left ventricular failure. Also used to stabilize to get someone to CABG.
IABP (intra-aortic balloon pump )
These are the two changes (with correct number associated) that are diagnostic of Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity
What is >3 second pause and >50mmHg pressure drop
A 45‑year‑old patient without ASCVD has diabetes and an ASCVD 10‑year risk score of 7.8%. According to guidelines, this intervention should be initiated.
What is starting a moderate‑ to high‑intensity statin?
This is the goal systolic BP and HR for Type A aortic dissection.
What is BP of 100-200mmHg and HR <60 bpm
Venous reflux is diagnosed on duplex ultrasound when retrograde flow lasts longer than this duration.
What is greater than 0.5 seconds?
Device is implanted into the PA and measures PA pressures
CardioMEMS device
This would be a neurologic finding on physical exam (outside of no heart rate drop) that would raise your concern for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension
What is rigidity or tremor (suggestive of parkinson's)