Kinetics
Will carbon or hydrogen diffuse more quickly through iron?
Hydrogen
What phases exist in a binary isomorphous phase diagram?
alpha (solid) and liquid
What two values does a tensile test DIRECTLY measure?
Load and displacement
Disposable plastic water bottles are most commonly made out of what material?
PET/PETE
Greater
In a pure material, self-diffusion can occur by interstitial diffusion or vacancy diffusion. Which is faster?
What is the standard free energy of formation for an element in its standard state?
0 kJ/mol
Name one type of microhardness test.
Vickers or Knoop
Common refrigerator magnets often include which rare earth element?
Nd (i.e. NdFeB magnets)
Applying a higher current causes the electron drift velocity to ___.
Which of Fick's laws describes steady state diffusion?
Fick's first law
Name one state function and one path function.
State: temperature, pressure, volume, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy
Path: work, heat, heat capacity
What provides contrast in backscatter scanning electron microscopy?
Atomic number (Z)
Most overhead transmission power lines use primarily what material to carry electricity?
Aluminum
What kind of relationship yields a straight line when plotted as ln(k) versus 1/T?
Arrhenius equation
Why does an ice cube melt faster on a metal plate than on a plastic plate?
The metal (conductor) transfers ambient heat to the ice cube more efficiently (higher conductivity) than the plastic (insulator).
How many phases are present at a eutectoid point, and what are those phases?
3: alpha, beta, and gamma (all solids)
What characterization method uses an extremely small, extremely sharp cantilever tip to map the surface topography of a sample?
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
The first transistor was made out of what element?
Germanium
Materials which exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio are called ___ materials.
Auxetic
During solidification from a melt, what temperature conditions promote dendritic growth?
Liquid below its freezing point (negative thermal gradient)
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Conservation of energy: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
What technique bombards a sample surface with ions, then captures the resulting secondary ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio, yielding high resolution elemental analysis of dopants and impurities?
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)
Nitinol changes from austenite to ___ when subjected to mechanical stress or cooled. Twinning in this second phase allows for superelasticity or the shape memory effect.
Martensite
What is the most abundant rare earth element?
Hint: atomic number 58
Cerium