definitions and concepts
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances.
Which type of solute is most likely to dissolve in water?
A. Nonpolar
B. Polar
C. Metallic
D. Covalent nonpolar
B. Polar
Ionic Solutes Dissociate into
Ions when Dissolved in Water
What does it mean for a solution to be saturated?
It contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
What is the volume of 0.850 mol CH4 at STP?
19.05 L
0.850 mol (22.414 L/mol)
What are the two components of solutions?
solvent and solute
Which statement best explains why oil and water do not mix?
A. They have different densities.
B. Oil is nonpolar and water is polar.
C. Oil is ionic and water is covalent.
D. Oil evaporates faster than water.
B. Oil is nonpolar and water is polar.
Strong electrolytes dissociate
completely (~100%) into ions
when dissolved in water
If the temperature of a saturated solution increases, what usually happens to its solubility?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
D. Solute crystallizes
A. Increases
At constant temperature of 65 K, a sample of oxygen (O₂) occupies 2.80 L at 760.0 mmHg. What volume will it occupy if the pressure increases to 1,200.0 mmHg?
1.77 L
V₂ = (P₁V₁) / P
(760 × 2.80) /1200
Define solubility
maximum amount of solute that
dissolves in a specific amount of solvent at a specific T
Hexane (C₆H₁₄) is a nonpolar solvent. Which substance(s) would most likely dissolve in hexane?
A. NaCl
B. H₂O
C. CCl₄
D. NH₃
C. CCl₄
Which of the following solution species are present when CaCl₂(s) dissolves in water?
A. CaCl₂(aq)
B. Ca²⁺(aq) and 2Cl⁻(aq)
C. Ca⁺(aq) and Cl⁻(aq)
D. Ca²⁺(s) and Cl₂(aq)
Ca²⁺(aq) and 2 Cl-(aq)
A sample of neon (Ne) at 200 K has a volume of 45.0 L. It changes to 38.2 L and its temperature becomes 600.0 K. If the new pressure is 50,000 torr, what was the original pressure (in torr)?
14.148 x 104 torr or 14,148.15 torr
P1=(P2V2T1)/(T2V1)
(50,000 torr)(38.2 L)(200 K)/(600 K)(45.0 L)
Solutions form when the solute and solvent have
similar polarities
Which compound would most likely dissolve in a nonpolar solvent such as benzene (C₆H₆)?
A. HCl
B. CH₃OH
C. I₂
D. SO2
C. I₂
Which of the following represents the dissociation of a strong electrolyte?
NH₃(g) ⇌ NH₃(aq)
H₂O(l) ⇌ H₂O(aq)
KCl(s) → K⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
CH₃OH(l) ⇌ CH₃OH(aq)
3. KCl(s) → K⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
2NaHCO3(s)→Na2CO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(g).
If 75.0 g sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is decomposed and CO₂ is collected at 0.950 atm and 25.0 °C, what volume of CO₂ (L) is produced?
11.50 L
75.0 g NaHCO₃ (1 mol/84.01 g) = 0.8928 mol NaHCO₃
0.8928 mol NaHCO₃ (1 mol Co2/2 mol NaHCO₃) = 0.4464 mol CO2
V= nRT/P
((0.4464) 0.082057 (298.15))/0.950
What is a compound that does not dissociate to yield ions in water
non-electrolyte
Which solute would most likely dissolve best in ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)?
A. I₂
B. CH₄
C. NaNO₃
D. CO₂
C. NaNO₃
Which of the following solution species are present when K₂SO₄(s) dissolves in water?
2 K⁺(aq) and SO₄²⁻(aq)
CO(g)+2H2(g)→CH3OH(g).
If 28.0 g CO reacts with an excess of H₂ and the product methanol (g) is collected at 0.93 atm and 24.0 °C, what volume of CH₃OH (L) is produced?
26.21 L
28.0 g CO (1 mol CO/28.0 g) = 1 mol CO
1 mol CO (1 mol CH3OH/1 mol CO) = 1 mol CH3OH
V= nRT/P
(1 (0.082057) 297.15)/0.93