Atomic Structure
A neutral atom of Oxygen contains how many many electrons
8
Who came up with the idea of an Atom in the 5th century BC?
Democritus
What is the mathematical relationship between wavelength and frequency? Ex) As pressure goes up volume goes down
Inverse relationship, Larger wavelength = low frequency.
What is the definition of a valence electron?
The electrons on an atoms most outer shell
What is the name of the group of elements that have 7 valence electrons?
Halogens
Calculate the number of neutrons in an atom of Iodine-131
78
Describe the main structural difference between the Thomson (Plum Pudding) model and the Rutherford model.
A ball of positive volume and electrons sprinkled throughout versus nucleus core and electrons on the outer volume
Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum has lower energy than visible light but higher energy than radio waves?
Infrared (IR). The order of energy (low to high) is: Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma Ray.
Write the full electron configuration for the element Bromine
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5
What classification of elements are in group 2
Alkali Earth Metals
An atom of Silicon has 14 protons and 15 neutrons. What is the mass number of this specific isotope?
29
What theory was developed out of the gold foil experiment?
Nuclear Model
What wavelength corresponds to Gamma Radiation
less than 10⁻¹¹ meters (or 0.01 nanometers)
What is the Orbital Diagram drawing principle that states that the lowest energy levels must be filled in first before higher energy levels?
Aufbau Principle
Who has the higher ionization energy: Sodium or Flourine? and why is that?
Sodium because it is easier to remove one electron than Fluorine because it is closer to a full octet
Determine the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a Nitride Ion (N3-), given its mass number is 14.
Protons: 7
Neutrons: 7
Electrons: 10
What was the Bohr Model and briefly explain its consequence?
Atoms are orbited by electrons in specific quantum shells
A photon has a wavelength 450nm. Calculate its frequency
6.67 x 10^14 Hz
Which of the following element has the following electron configuration?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5
[Br]
What is the trend of metallic properties as we move from right to left of the periodic table?
Elements become more metallic
An element has two stable isotopes: Isotope 1 (mass = 107, 51.84% abundance) and Isotope 2 (mass = 109, 48.16% abundance).What is the Element?
Silver
What is the current state of the Atomic Theory? (Provide the name of the model) and a summary of the theory
Quantum Mechanical Model. Electrons exist as a probability density cloud around the atom.
A high-energy photon has a wavelength 1.5 x 10^-10 m. Calculate the energy (E) of this photon
E = 1.33 x 10^-15 J
Provide the Short hand notation of the electron configuration of the atoms for Tin?
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Why do atoms on the same period but at the larger groups exhibit a smaller atomic radius?
This is due to the increased electrons on their valence shells. This increases the nuclear charge of an atom making its overall volume and size smaller.