CH 1-2-3
Define a leisure tourist
A tourist who travels for fun, recreation, and relaxation
What is seasonality?
The variation of tourism demand for travel products over the year
Name 4 features of successful destinations
Transport related: location - accessibility - gateways & hubs - Infrastructure
Product related: Transport providers - sustainable provisions
Attraction related: Attractions - weather - topography
Social factors: culture - expected behavior
Give examples of one opportunity and one constraint to tourism development (use any country that you like or give an abstract example)
Guideline:
- opportunities is anything about the physical environment of the destinaiton that make it easier to operate a tourism facility (ex. The Nile allows tourism providers to offer boat rides in Cairo)
- constraints is anything about the physical environment that make it more difficult to operate a tourism facility (ex. Rainy/unpredictable weather make it harder for outdoor attractions to operate)
Name 3 positive economic impacts of tourism
Job creation
Tax generation
Foreign exchange earnings
Increased revenue / multiplier effect
What is MICE?
Its a type of business tourism consisting of 4 activities (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions)
What are the 5 types of destinations?
Rural - Island - Coastal/beach - Urban - Resorts
Name the 5 destinaiton management organisations from chapter 9
Government
NTO
DMC
NGO
TIC
What is the definition of carrying capacity?
The maximum number of tourists allowed in a tourism facility/destinaiton
name 3 positive encrionemntal impacts
Funding
Environmental awareness
Better control/organisation of natural attractions due to tourism interest
How can an attraction be more environmentally sustainable?
- Reduce, reuse, recycle schemes
- Use of clean energy sources (ex. Solar panels)
Name the types of tourists mentioned in Chapter 5 (7 at least)
Reason: leisure - Business - Special interest (VFR can be accepted)
Preferences: Eco-tourists - Responsible - Independent
Needs: Individual - couple - Family - Group - Specific needs
What is topography? Give 3 examples of topographical features
Topography is the variation of the shape of the surface of the earth (ex. Mountain, lake,...etc)
What is a social enterprise?
A business that operates to serve a social objective
Explain the difference between export leakage and import leakage
Import leakage occurs when tourists request goods that are not available/not of high quality in the host destinaiton
Export leakage occurs when tourists stay in a foreign tourism business so part of the money they spend goes to the headquarters in the country of that foreign busienss
How can an attraction be socially sustainable?
- Hire locals
- educate tourists about local culture and norms
- display local art/ performances / crafts/...etc
- use materials/resources from local providers
Encourage tourists to purchase from local businesses
What is meant by a tourism providers being dynamic?
It's when that provider can easily adapt to changes in tourist demand (ex. Tourists wanting to become more eco-friendly) or changes in the market (ex. New competitors, new technology such as VR tech,..etc)
Give 4 roles of national governments in tourism development. Explain why each role is helpful
Legislation
Licencing and permits
Funding
Training courses
Providing subsidies
Building monuments
How can a empower local and indigenous communities?
Educate tourists about local culture and norms
Limit foreign investments
Implement rules and regulations that protect local attractions and citizens
Host population should be consulted before any acts of tourism developement
What is the demonstration effect and is it harmful to the destinaiton ?
Its when locals copy aspects of tourists' culture
It can lead to loss of culture of the host destinaiton or harmful behaviors from locals in an attempt to copy tourists' lifestyle (ex. Consume alcohol in countries that have a no-drinking culture)
What's the difference between Eco-tourists and Responsible tourists?
Both act sustainably but eco-tourists have to do something related to nature while responsible tourists can travel for any purpose.
What is the difference between between being dynamic and being resilient?
Being dynamic is about flexibility in the face of predictable and non-threatning changes in tourism demand and businesses. However, being resilient is being able to overcome unpredictable, unavoidable, and often threatening events (ex. Hurricanes, pandemics, wars,...etc)
What are the management activities of an NTO, explain 3 of them
Ensuring tourism demand remains at a sustainable level
Conducting research on tourism demand and advising tourism providers on how to better cater to tourists
Encouraging sustainable development for tourism providers
Making tourism policies
Planning the development of the tourism industry
How does seasonality affect tourism development?
Fluctuating demand = less profit = limited development
Fluctuating demand = unstable employment rate = less organized operation
Explain the 3 types of multiplier effect
Employment multiplier
Investment multiplier
Tax multiplier