Psychoanalytic
Defense mechanism: What is repression?
Unconsciously pushing threatening thoughts or memories into the unconscious mind
What's the difference between someone with high openness and low openness?
High - creative, curious, adventurous; Low - practical, traditional, focused
Who created the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow
What experiment studied the influence of observation on aggressive/violent behavior by children?
Bobo Doll (Bandura)
You may become fixated on that specific stage (e.g., conflict during oral stage, may become smoker/binge eater)
If someone is high in extraversion, what does that mean?
Sociable, energetic, does well in groups
What is the top level of the hierarchy of needs and what does it mean?
Self-actualization--attainment of full potential, generosity, expression, belonging to something larger than self
What is the term for social incentives that sustain behavior?
Reinforcements
Present at birth, this component of Freud's personality operates on the "pleasure principle" and seeks immediate gratification
Id
If someone is low in conscientiousness, what does that mean>?
Typically not hardworking, disorganized, undisciplined
Who did Carl Rogers believe needed unconditional positive regard?
Identify the three major components of reciprocal determinism
Thoughts, behavior, environment
While the id seeks instant gratification, this component delays pleasure to ensure safety
Ego
High agreeableness generally links with low neuroticism (higher emotional stability)
What is congruence, according to Rogers?
Overlapping of real self with ideal self
What is the difference between an internal and external locus of control? (Julian Rotter's social learning theory)
Whether individuals believe they can control outcomes (internal) vs. others control/determine the outcome (external)
This part of Freud's personality theory acts as your conscience and makes you feel guilty when you break the rules or proud when you do something right
Superego
Why is the "Big 5" criticized/limited cross-culturally?
Questions are culturally-coded (Western)/fixed -- debated whether personality can be quantified/static
How does humanism compare to trait theory and psychoanalytic?
"Third theory" - more holistic, the full person
This term refers to an individual's belief that they can control/exhibit the behaviors needed to achieve social reinforcement/attain goals ("I can do it" mindset)
Self-efficacy