Conditionals
Which conditional is used in unreal situations in the past?
3rd conditional
Which perfect tense describes an action before now, with relevance to the present?
present perfect
In reported speech, the word "tomorrow" typically changes to this 3-word phrase to reflect the passage of time.
the next day/the following day
In passive sentences, the agent is often __.
unknown/unimportant/omitted
Is it correct?
If you would heat ice, it melts.
not correct
Which tense shows an action completed before another past action?
If the original speaker uses the Present continuous (eg. I am walking), the reported speech must shift to this tense.
past continuous
Transform this sentence into passive:
I was eating the cake.
The cake was being eaten (by me).
Complete the sentence:
If I __ (be) you, I __ (take) that chance.
If I were you, I would take that chance.
Which tense fits the sentence?
By next week, we ___ the project.
future perfect
Unlike statements, when reporting a command or request (eg. Sit down!), the main verb changes into this grammatical form.
to-infinitive
The object of an active sentence becomes the ___ of a passive sentence.
subject
What is the formula for the 3rd conditional?
If {past perfect}, ... would have {past participle}
Transform the sentence using future perfect:
The engineers will complete the bridge before 2030.
By 2030, the the engineers will have completed the bridge.
When repoting a yes/no question (eg. Do you like tea?), one of these 2 conjunctions is used to introduce the reported clause.
if/whether
Which one is correct?
The car had been driven. VS
The car had been being driven.
both, but the first is more commonly used
Which conditional is this?
If I hadn't drunk so much last night, I wouldn't have a hangover now.
mixed conditionals, 3rd+2nd
Explain the difference in meaning:
She has written 3 articles this month. VS
She had written 3 articles that month.
present perfect: the month includes the present moment
past perfect: the month is in the past relative to another past event or reference time
Direct speech: If I had known about the traffic, I would have left earlier, Mark said. Report what Mark said.
Mark said that if he had known about the traffic, he would have left earlier.
Create passive sentences with 2 different subjects:
He gave the book to me.
I was given the book (by him.)
The book was given to me (by him).