Neuronal Anatomy
This is another name for the cell body
soma
The potential that a neuron must reach for an action potential to be generated
Threshold
-55 mV
This general kind of channel opens in response to the presence of a neurotransmitter
Ligand
The two types of synapses
Electrical and Chemical
The junction between a synaptic terminal and another neuron
Synapse
The type of response an action potential is, because it occurs or it does not
All or nothing propagation
This general kind of channel opens in response to a change in the membrane potential
Ion-voltage channels
The majority of synapses are this type
Chemical
Conducts impulses away from the cell body to another neuron, muscle, or gland
Axons
Closed channels at resting state
Na, K
This membrane protein uses ATP to restore concentrations of Na+ and K+ to their
“resting” levels
Na+/K+ ATPase
Sodium Potassium Pump
The most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
Glutamate
Receive stimuli and send signals to the cell body
Dendrites
The process in which the membrane potential returns to its resting state
Resting State
A voltage-gated Na+ channel propagates the action potential by using this kind of
feedback
Positive
This causes the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
Ca2+
The insulating cover that axons of many neurons are surrounded by
Myelin Sheath
The level an axon depolarizes to in order to generate an action potential
-55 mV
Threshold
When this ion crosses the membrane through specific channels, the membrane
potential becomes more negative
K+ Channels
The five major groups of neurotransmitters
Choline's
Amino
Peptide
Gases
Biogenic Amines